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Abstract

Biodegradable hydrophilic gelatin nanoparticles, containing different initial amounts of methotrexate (MTX), were prepared using a simple solvent evaporation technique based on a single water-in-oil emulsion and stabilized by the use of glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The effects of several parameters on particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release were investigated. Size and shape of the nanoparticles were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The release of MTX was monitored in vitro and the mechanism of release was studied. Particles with a mean diameter of 100-200 nm were produced, which were able to release MTX following a diffusion-controlled mechanism of release. It was observed that the initial amount of MTX used for sample loading did not have any effect on the pattern of release, while it affected the amount of drug entrapped into the nanoparticles and also both the release rate and the total amount of drug released.

Optimizing the Process Parameters for Encapsulation of Linamarin into PLGA Nanoparticles Using Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique

“…The increase in the yield with increasing PLGA and PVA concentrations could be explained by the greater stabilizing property of PVA during the emulsification process, which will enhance stabilization of the globules and formation of more particles. 35,36 The high PLGA concentration means viscous solutions, leading to larger and denser particles being produced, and this will subsequently increase the yield. The increase in the yield with PVA, PLGA concentrations, and homogenization speed observed in this research work correlates with those reported by Mao and colleagues, who reported an increase in the yield from 77% to 83% with an increasing PLGA concentration from 8% to 32%.…”

Functional Hybrid Materials with Polymer Nanoparticles as Templates

“…Well-established techniques are the desolvation, [33][34][35][36][37] the coacervation, [38][39][40] and water-in-oil emulsion techniques. [41][42][43] The flexibility offered by these techniques in tailoring the properties of the nanoparticles is limited. With increasing gelatin concentration and by using a gelatin with a broad molecular-weight distribution, it is not possible to effectively and uniformly achieve high gelatin content within the particles.…”

Protein based therapeutic delivery agents: Contemporary developments and challenges

“…Moreover, secondary concerns include the toxicity of the protein vehicle itself, toxicity of its byproducts stemming from enzymatic degradation, and the clearance kinetics of the protein-drug complex in competition with the kinetics of accumulation due to the EPR effect. Notable examples of small molecules benefiting from this modality are doxorubicin [27, 29–36], paclitaxel [37–41], methotrexate [42–45], and curcumin [46, 47]. In addition, the strategy of delivering prodrug forms of such molecules has been invoked in tandem with the application of protein-based delivery vehicles – a testament to the high degree of engineering demanded of the challenge of drug delivery [35, 48–50].…”

“…Methotrexate can also be readily entrapped in emulsions of gelatin to form nanoparticles of 100–200 nm in diameter, which may be further stabilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, and behave as depots for sustained loading and release [42]. Cascone et al have demonstrated a methotrexate release from gelatin nanoparticles over the course of 80+ hours determined by side diffusion chamber studies [42]. …”