60 GHz Outdoor Propagation Measurements and Analysis Using Facebook Terragraph Radios

Du, Kairui; Mujumdar, Omkar; Özdemir, Özgür; Ozturk, Ender; Güvenç, İsmail; Sichitiu, Mihail L.; Dai, Huaiyu; Bhuyan, Arupjyoti

doi:10.1109/rws53089.2022.9719957

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The outdoor PL measurements presented in Du et al. (2022) show PL values that are 3–6 dB higher than FSPL, whereas our measurements show PL values equal to FSPL for lower distances and PL values lower than FSPL when the reflected path cannot be resolved in the PLAP. The RMSE between the measured PL samples and FSPL is 2.9 dB which is only slightly higher than the RMSE between the PL samples and the FI model.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The same channel sounding platform is used to characterize the unmanned aerial vehicle to ground wireless communication channel at 60 GHz, resulting in a PL model with quantification of beam misalignment (Garcia Sanchez et al., 2020). Furthermore, the channel sounder is used for indoor PL and network performance measurements (De Beelde, Almarcha, et al., 2022; De Beelde, Tanghe, et al., 2021) and outdoor measurements (Aslam et al., 2020; Du et al., 2022; Sanchez & Chowdhury, 2020; Tariq et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor mmWave Channel Modeling for Fixed Wireless Access at 60 GHz

et al. 2022

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According to the Shannon capacity theorem, the large bandwidths that are available in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands enable high-throughput wireless communication. Indoor applications include high-throughput access points for video streaming, gaming, and virtual and augmented reality, as well as wireless hubs and board-to-board interconnections in server rooms. Outdoors, cellular systems benefit from the increased bandwidth, for example, in fifth-generation (5G) and future sixth-generation mobile networks. Another application for outdoor wireless communication at mmWave frequencies is fixed wireless access (FWA), in which fixed point-to-point wireless links provide internet connectivity to residential and enterprise buildings. FWA can be a cheaper alternative than deploying a fiber-optic network, as no digging is required and the infrastructure work is limited (Ioannou et al., 2020).Reliable wireless channel models are critical for the design of wireless systems. Numerous indoor radio channel models at 60 GHz exist, and an overview of indoor mmWave channel models is provided in Al-Saman et al. (2021). Indoor channel measurements at 60 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications are presented in Moraitis and Constantinou (2004), and the IEEE Std. 802.11ad wireless standard is designed for communication at 60 GHz, using channels with a bandwidth of 2.16 GHz (IEEE 802.11ad, 2012). In Zhou et al. ( 2017), good agreement is found between indoor measurements and ray-tracing simulations using geometrical optics and the uniform theory of diffraction. A statistical spatio-temporal model for large indoor environments shows that Line-of-Sight (LOS) paths and specular reflections are dominant over diffuse scattering (Haneda et al., 2015). Channel measurements at 60 GHz in an office environment are presented in de Jong et al. (2018), Dupleich et al. (2014), Maltsev et al. (2009), and Wu et al. (2017. A 60 GHz conference room channel model is provided in Maltsev et al. (2010). In He et al. (2018), a train environment is considered, and channel models for a data center environment are presented in Gentile et al. (2018) andZaaimia et al. (2016). In a hospital environment, lower path loss (PL) and delay spread values are found, compared to other indoor environments (Kyrö et al., 2011). The influence of human activity on the 60 GHz indoor radio channel is discussed in Collonge et al. (2004), and a human blockage model is provided in Jacob et al. (2011Jacob et al. ( , 2013. Indoor reflection and transmission measurements at various mmWave frequency bands are presented in Xing et al. (2019). Penetration loss measurements at 73 GHz are presented in Ryan et al. (2017). Reflection and transmission measurements of interior structures of office buildings are presented in Sato et al. (1997). Penetration and reflection loss measurements at frequencies 60, 71, and 81 GHz are studied in Khatun et al. (2021). The estimation of material characteristics at 60 GHz from

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor mmWave Channel Modeling for Fixed Wireless Access at 60 GHz

et al. 2022

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“…However, while outdoor-to-outdoor (OtO) and indoor-to-indoor (ItI) propagation scenarios have been extensively measured [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], existing OtI datasets are relatively small in size [10][11][12][26][27][28]. In this paper we present the results of an extensive OtI mmWave measurement campaign that we conducted in a dense urban environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Environmental Effects, and 90% Coverage

Kohli¹,

Adhikari²,

Avci³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges the already tight link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave scenarios at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,200 link measurements. In total, 43 OtI scenarios were measured in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. The measured OtI path gain can vary by up to 40 dB for a given link distance, and the empirical path gain model for all data shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m, with an RMS fitting error of 11.7 dB. The type of glass is found to be the single dominant feature for OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between empirical path gain models for scenarios with low-loss and high-loss glass. The presence of scaffolding, tree foliage, or elevated subway tracks, as well as difference in floor height are each found to have an impact between 5-10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI coverage can support 500 Mbps for 90% of indoor user equipment (UEs) with a base station (BS) antenna placed up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.5/1.2 Gbps are possible from a BS 68/175 m away from the school building, when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of mmWave networks in dense urban environments as well as the development of relevant scheduling and beam management algorithms.

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