6‐month use of 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and placebo

Abstract

A double-blind, randomised, 6-month clinical trial with parallel group design in 149 patients with gingivitis was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of delmopinol hydrochloride 2 mg/ml (0.2% w/v, Decapinol Mouthwash) used for partly supervised mouthrinsing in comparison with chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml (0.2% w/v, Hibitane Dental, ICI Pharmaceuticals, UK) and placebo as an addition to normal oral hygiene. Assessments of efficacy were performed using the plaque index and bleeding on probing (BOP). Delmopinol showed 22% lower plaque index scores than placebo after 3 months (p<0.01) and 13% lower scores after 6 months. The corresponding figures for chlorhexidine were 38% (p<0.001) and 38% (p<0.001) after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Bleeding on probing was reduced for delmopinol in comparison with placebo by 11% after 3 months and by 18% (p<0.05) after 6 months. For chlorhexidine the corresponding figures were 18% (p<0.01) and 22% (p<0.01) after 3 and 6 months, respectively. While chlorhexidine showed greater plaque reduction than delmopinol (p<0.01 at 6 months), no statistically significant difference was reached between these two solutions regarding BOP. Both active solutions showed an increased amount of dental calculus in comparison with placebo. A transient anaesthetic sensation in the oral mucosa and taste affection were commonly reported adverse events in both the delmopinol and the chlorhexidine groups. The number of patients withdrawn from treatment due to adverse events or lack of cooperation was 7 in the chlorhexidine group, 4 in the placebo group and 1 in the delmopinol group. The results showed that rinsing with either 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride or 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate twice daily for 60 secs for 6 months results in less plaque formation and gingivitis than rinsing with placebo. Mouthrinsing with the 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride solution was well accepted in this study.

Effect of Chitosan Rinsing on Reduction of Dental Plaque Formation

“…Although it is difficult to make direct comparisons with other experiments because of different protocols, these results are consistent with those in previous rinsing studies, which have shown 10-20% lower mean QHI scores than placebo rinsing when using 0.05-0.1% delmopinol 4) . Previous evidence has suggested that cationic compounds like chlorhexidine, delmopinol, and chitosan sometimes have a smaller effect on plaque growth than expected when using as adjuncts to toothpastes.…”

“…However, this might be explained by the relatively short duration of the study and the low plaque forming ability of the subjects, who had average plaque scores at the baseline of 1.42 compared to the previous clinical study 4) . We formulated a mouth rinse containing a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil) as a solvent for a flavor.…”

Comparative analysis of the effect of two chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding

“…Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most effective antimicrobial agents for plaque control. [5][6][7][8][9][10] It is retained in the oral cavity and is progressively desorbed in bacteriostatic concentrations 8 hours after rinsing.…”

“…6 A lower concentration of CHX (0.12%) has been tested in animals and human populations and has also demonstrated clinical benefits. 7,13,14 Although CHX is an effective antimicrobial agent in both concentrations, comparison of the two existing formulations is still necessary.…”

Drugs Causing Orofacial Pigmentation: An Overview of Literature

“…In addition, it interferes with the acid production of dental plaque, reducing the pH level during cariogenic challenges. 38 On the other hand, chlorhexidine is known to cause certain adverse effects directly related to higher concentrations 39 , long-term regimens 39,40 and undisturbed biofilm. Consumption of some chromogenic agents 41 , such as coffee or tea, for example, may also increase toothstaining 41 , which is one of the most recognized problems associated with chlorhexidine.…”