6.7 A 112Gb/s PAM-4 Voltage-Mode Transmitter with 4-Tap Two-Step FFE and Automatic Phase Alignment Techniques in 40nm CMOS

Peng, Pen-Jui; Chen, Yanting; Lai, Sheng-Tsung; Chen, Chao-Hsuan; Huang, Hsiang-En; Shih, Ted

doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662361

Cited by 17 publications

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“…Introduction: In recent years, the demand of mass data transmission has been pushing the data rate up rapidly. In the summit of '2019 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)', some research on 100 Gb/s node transmitter [1,2] and receiver [3] were published. With the rapid growth of data rate, the development of transceiver faces some challenges.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pin‐efficient 9‐bit 8‐wire 4‐level synergetic‐equalisation coding scheme for 216 Gb/s PAM4 transceiver

Shi

Gai

2020

Electron. lett.

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A synergetic-equalisation coding scheme for pulse-amplitude modulation 4-level (PAM4) is proposed, based on which a 216 Gb/s 9-bit 8-wire 4-level (9B8W4L) transceiver is designed. According to the scheme, eight channels are grouped into four pairs based on the states for encoding. The two channels in pair transmit the same symbol in this unit interval (UI), and transmit different symbols in different pairs in the next UI. When decoding, the symbols in different channels are subtracted from and added with the others, following the grouping in the prior UI. From this, the first post-cursor inter-symbol interference is eliminated. Based on the proposed coding scheme, the PAM4 transceiver transmits 9-bit data by eight channels, giving a channel utilisation of 112.5%. The improvement of channel utilisation reduces the Nyquist frequency for the same data rate, which is of great significance for reducing channel loss and power consumption. The 216 Gb/s 9B8W4L transceiver with 1-tap feed-forward equaliser achieves a bit error rate <10 −12 through −20 dB channel loss at the Nyquist frequency of 12 GHz.

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“…Assuming the current state is S 1 (e.g. ab, cd, ef, gh), the number of states that may serve as its next state (N next for S1 ) is 60, calculated as (2). Then, the number of mappings between coded data and original data (N mapping for S1 ) is 1440, calculated as (3), which means that eight channels can transmit 10-bit data…”

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confidence: 99%