5G New Radio Evolution Meets Satellite Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions

Lin, Xingqin; Björn, Hofström,; Wang, Eric; Masini, Gino; Määttänen, Helka‐Liina; Rydén, Henrik; Sedin, Jonas; Stattin, Magnus; Liberg, Olof; Euler, S.; Muruganathan, S.D.; G., Stefan Eriksson; Khan, Talha Ahmed

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.11219

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…However, in an integrated GAS network, the movement of the NT platform may drastically increase the Doppler effects, especially in case of a LEO satellite. Assuming a communication link over a LEO satellite at 600 km altitude and 2 GHz carrier frequency, the Doppler shift reaches peak values of 48 kHz [55]. This is around 10 times higher compared to the one experienced by a user inside a high speed train, thus an important feature to be addressed.…”

Section: Ntns Integration In 5g Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Solanki¹,

Chatzinotas²,

Kodheli³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) traditionally had certain limited applications. However, the recent technological advancements opened up myriad applications of NTNs for 5G and beyond networks, especially when integrated into terrestrial networks (TNs). This article comprehensively surveys the evolution of NTNs highlighting its relevance to 5G networks and essentially, how it will play a pivotal role for the development of 6G and beyond wireless networks. The survey discusses important features of NTNs integration into TNs by delving into the new range of services and use cases, various architectures, and new approaches being adopted to develop new wireless ecosystem. Our survey includes the major progresses and outcomes from academic research as well as industrial efforts. We first start with introducing the relevant 5G use cases and general integration challenges such as handover and deployment difficulties. Then, we review the NTNs operations in mmWave and their potential for internet of things (IoT). Further, we discuss the significance of mobile edge computing (MEC) and machine learning (ML) in NTNs by reviewing the relevant research works. Furthermore, we also discuss the corresponding higher layer advancements and relevant field trials/prototyping at both academic and industrial levels. Finally, we identify and review 6G and beyond application scenarios, novel architectures, technological enablers, and higher layer aspects pertinent to NTNs integration.

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Section: Ntns Integration In 5g Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Solanki¹,

Chatzinotas²,

Kodheli³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In the latter case, the satellite adapts its beamforming mechanism to realize spotbeams that remain fixed on earth. It can be shown that a satellite at 600 km altitude can support an elevation angle, defined at the cell center, exceeding 10° for around 450 seconds [14]. To guarantee continuous coverage, a service link switch will need to be performed very frequently for the moving beam scenario and once every few minutes for the fixed beam case.…”

Section: B Low Earth Orbitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrowband Internet of Things for Non-Terrestrial Networks

Liberg

Löwenmark

Euler

et al. 2020

IEEE Comm. Stand. Mag.

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The Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a cellular access technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide wide area connectivity for the Internet of Things. Since its introduction in 3GPP Release 13, NB-IoT has in a few years achieved a remarkable market presence and is currently providing coverage in close to 100 countries. To further extend the reach of NB-IoT and to connect the unconnected, 3GPP Release 17 will study the feasibility of adapting NB-IoT to support non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In this article, we review the fundamentals of NB-IoT and NTN and explain how NB-IoT can be adapted to support satellite communication through a minimal set of modifications.

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“…Techniques for avoiding co-channel interference between the two systems, based on using adaptive beamforming at the satellites, were also proposed [110,111]. In [112], challenges facing direct satellite access for 5G UEs were discussed. UEs within the coverage of the same spot beam might have varying delays to the satellite depending on their location, and hence timing advance should be properly implemented.…”

Section: Direct Satellite Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another challenge is to handle Doppler effects for LEO satellites (they are considered negligible with GEO satellites). In addition, coverage issues are a challenge with LEO satellites, since even if beam pointing is performed to cover the same area as the satellites move, the UEs have to be handed over between beams and/or satellites every few seconds [112].…”

Section: Direct Satellite Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

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DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

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5G New Radio Evolution Meets Satellite Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey

Narrowband Internet of Things for Non-Terrestrial Networks

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

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