5G and the Fog — Survey of related technologies and research directions

Abstract

The rapid and quick growth of smart mobile devices has caused users to demand pervasive mobile broadband services comparable to the fixed broadband Internet. In this direction, the research initiatives on 5G networks have gained accelerating momentum globally. 5G Networks will act as a nervous system of the digital society, economy, and everyday peoples life and will enable new future Internet of Services paradigms such as Anything as a Service, where devices, terminals, machines, also smart things and robots will become innovative tools that will produce and will use applications, services and data. However, future Internet will exacerbate the need for improved QoS/QoE, supported by services that are orchestrated on-demand and that are capable of adapt at runtime, depending on the contextual conditions, to allow reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real time execution. A new paradigm called Fog Computing, or briefly Fog has emerged to meet these requirements. Fog Computing extends Cloud Computing to the edge of the network, reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, resulting in superior user-experience. This paper provides a survey of 5G and Fog Computing technologies and their research directions, that will lead to Beyond-5G Network in the Fog.

Advanced QoS Provisioning and Mobile Fog Computing for 5G

“…If on (20) we apply (17) for the total consumed power of the network radio interface m, then the total battery lifetime is determined with the following expression:…”

“…The solutions and applications are including maximization of the aggregated average throughput subject to average power constraints on the node interfaces (implying longer battery life, as given in Section 3), minimizing average queue backlogs, subject to minimal queue network delay, and leading to achievements of overall system stability. Moreover, this system model supports the fog computing service orchestration mechanisms described in [20] and performs a quality evaluation of these mechanisms in terms of delay, throughput, energy consumption, and energy efficiency.…”

Fog Computing as a Support for 5G Network

“…5G will have user-centric approach, where telecom operators will invest in developing new applications that will provide ubiquitous, pervasive, seamless, continual and versatile mobile experience to the end-user [1]. The applications will become more personalized, and more context-aware and that will recognize user identity, user location, and user preferences [12]. Therefore, context-rich support services such as context extraction service, recommendation service and group privacy service should be supported in 5G.…”

“…Additionally, recommendation services based on collective group context rather than individual context need to be created and scaled. By using these clues, a layer of recommendation services can be built that creates output which is adjusted to a user, or set of users with those contextual characteristics [12].…”

Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey

“…The trend of increase in mobile usage is fundamentally driven by the augmentation of mobile users and mobile application development (e.g., iPhone apps, Google apps etc.) [45] [13].…”