50 kGy of gamma irradiation does not affect the leachability of mineral soils and sediments

Gore, Damian B.; Snape, Ian

doi:10.1017/s0885715614000918

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Our results validate those reported by Gore and Snape [16] for trace elements, showing little to no effect of irradiation, but other researchers report large changes. The inconsistency may be due to several factors.…”

Section: Gamma-irradiated Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The observed effects of irradiation were much smaller than effects described by other authors: Staunton et al [15] and Menzies et al [13] reported a 2-fold increase in Mn, and Salonius et al [14] recorded a 60-80% increase in Mn and Cu. On the other hand, Gore and Snape [16] found only very small changes in acetate-leachable macro-and micronutrients after 50 kGy gamma irradiation of dry soil, in agreement with our results. The slight changes in DTPA-Cu, Fe, and Mn with irradiation may be due to effects on some soil mineral constituents.…”

Section: Gamma-irradiated Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For instance, it has been reported that 20-100 kGy gamma irradiation may increase [5,9], decrease [12,13] or not affect [8,10] soil pH. Likewise, micronutrients may increase [5,13,14], decrease [15] or remain unchanged [5,15,16] after gamma irradiation. The effects do not appear to increase with radiation dosage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamma Irradiation with 50 kGy Has a Limited Effect on Agronomic Properties of Air-Dry Soil

Wehr

Kirchhof

2021

Soil Systems

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International collaboration on agronomy projects often requires the shipment of soil samples between countries to conduct analyses. However, quarantine regulations in numerous countries restrict the importing of soil samples unless they are sterilized, or analysis is carried out only in quarantine facilities, which greatly increases cost. Yet, sterilization is only an option if it does not change the soil properties. There is conflicting information about the effect of irradiation on soil chemical properties. To assess the effect of gamma irradiation on some soil chemical properties, one hundred randomly selected air-dried (40 °C) soil samples were split into two samples. One sample was left untreated and the other sample was irradiated with 50 kGy as prescribed by Australian biosecurity regulations. Commonly measured agronomic soil chemical properties were then measured and results from the non-irradiated samples were compared to the irradiated samples. The results show no effect of irradiation on soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, total carbon and nitrogen content, and DTPA-extractable Zn. Small (<5%) but statistically significant effects of irradiation were observed for pH (1:5 water), electric conductivity (EC1:5), DTPA-extractable Cu, Fe and Mn, and Colwell P. The irradiation effects on Fe were greater in the topsoil than subsoil. Considering that irradiation-induced changes to soil chemical properties were below 5%, gamma irradiation can be considered a suitable method to sterilize air-dried soil to meet import requirements, without affecting the interpretation of soil fertility reports.

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Section: Gamma-irradiated Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Gamma-irradiated Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

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Gamma Irradiation with 50 kGy Has a Limited Effect on Agronomic Properties of Air-Dry Soil

Wehr

Kirchhof

2021

Soil Systems

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sieved soil (mesh widths 4 mm) was used to construct a dilution-to-extinction microbial gradient. First, the soil was irradiated (IS -irradiated soil) with 50 kGy Cobalt-60 at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil), according to the methodology described by Gore and Snape (2014) and McNamara et al (2003). The microbial gradient was prepared by collecting a bulk sample of approximately 25 kg of cultivated soil (NS-soil native community, 5-10 cm of depth, interrows) at a maize field at the Department of Genetics (ESALQ-USP; 22°42'31.3"S 47°38'05.8"W, 535 m altitude, Köppen-Geiger climate type Cfa).…”

Section: Greenhouse Experiments Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-omics integration approach reveals the effect of soil native microbiome diversity in the performance of inoculant Azospirillum brasilense

Ferrarezi,

Defant,

de Souza

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been used as integrative inputs to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers. However, a holistic comprehension about PGPB-plant-microbiome interactions is still incipient. Furthermore, the interaction among PGPB and the holobiont (host-microbiome association) represent a new frontier to plant breeding programs. We aimed to characterize maize bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiomes in irradiated soil (IS) and a native soil (NS) microbial community gradient (dilution-to-extinction) with Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5, a PGPB commercial inoculant. Our hypothesis was that plant growth promotion efficiency is a result of PGPB niche occupation and persistence according to the holobiont conditions. The effects of Ab-V5 and NS microbial communities were evaluated in microcosms by a combined approach of microbiomics (species-specific qPCR, 16S rRNA metataxonomics and metagenomics) and plant phenomics (conventional and high-throughput methods). Our results revealed a weak maize growth promoting effect of Ab-V5 inoculation in undiluted NS, contrasting the positive effects of NS dilutions 10−3, 10−6, 10−9 and IS with Ab-V5. Alpha diversity in NS + Ab-V5 soil samples was higher than in all other treatments in a time course of 25 days after sowing (DAS). At 15 DAS, alpha diversity indexes were different between NS and IS, but similar in all NS dilutions in rhizospheric samples. These differences were not persistent at 25 DAS, demonstrating a stabilization process in the rhizobiomes. In NS 10−3 +Ab-V5 and NS 10−6 Ab-V5, Ab-V5 persisted in the maize rhizosphere until 15 DAS in higher abundances compared to NS. In NS + Ab-V5, abundance of six taxa were positively correlated with response to (a)biotic stresses in plant-soil interface. Genes involved in bacterial metabolism of riboses and amino acids, and cresol degradation were abundant on NS 10−3 + Ab-V5, indicating that these pathways can contribute to plant growth promotion and might be a result of Ab-V5 performance as a microbial recruiter of beneficial functions to the plant. Our results demonstrated the effects of holobiont on Ab-V5 performance. The meta-omics integration supported by plant phenomics opens new perspectives to better understanding of inoculants-holobiont interaction and for developing better strategies for optimization in the use of microbial products.

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Comparative application of an irradiated and non-irradiated calcite-type material to improve the removal of Pb in batch and continuous processes

Cruz-Olivares

Barrera-Díaz

Martínez-Barrera

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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50 kGy of gamma irradiation does not affect the leachability of mineral soils and sediments

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Gamma Irradiation with 50 kGy Has a Limited Effect on Agronomic Properties of Air-Dry Soil

Gamma Irradiation with 50 kGy Has a Limited Effect on Agronomic Properties of Air-Dry Soil

Meta-omics integration approach reveals the effect of soil native microbiome diversity in the performance of inoculant Azospirillum brasilense

Comparative application of an irradiated and non-irradiated calcite-type material to improve the removal of Pb in batch and continuous processes

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