Gamma Irradiation with 50 kGy Has a Limited Effect on Agronomic Properties of Air-Dry Soil

Abstract

International collaboration on agronomy projects often requires the shipment of soil samples between countries to conduct analyses. However, quarantine regulations in numerous countries restrict the importing of soil samples unless they are sterilized, or analysis is carried out only in quarantine facilities, which greatly increases cost. Yet, sterilization is only an option if it does not change the soil properties. There is conflicting information about the effect of irradiation on soil chemical properties. To assess the effect of gamma irradiation on some soil chemical properties, one hundred randomly selected air-dried (40 °C) soil samples were split into two samples. One sample was left untreated and the other sample was irradiated with 50 kGy as prescribed by Australian biosecurity regulations. Commonly measured agronomic soil chemical properties were then measured and results from the non-irradiated samples were compared to the irradiated samples. The results show no effect of irradiation on soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, total carbon and nitrogen content, and DTPA-extractable Zn. Small (<5%) but statistically significant effects of irradiation were observed for pH (1:5 water), electric conductivity (EC1:5), DTPA-extractable Cu, Fe and Mn, and Colwell P. The irradiation effects on Fe were greater in the topsoil than subsoil. Considering that irradiation-induced changes to soil chemical properties were below 5%, gamma irradiation can be considered a suitable method to sterilize air-dried soil to meet import requirements, without affecting the interpretation of soil fertility reports.

An Evaluation of the Impact of 60Co Irradiation on Volatile Organic Compounds of Olibanum Using Gas Chromatography Ion Mobility Spectrometry

“…GC-IMS is often used in the food industry [24], traditional Chinese medicine [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], the agricultural industry [32], and other fields [33]. In this study, VOCs such as esters, ketones, and alcohols were effectively identified by GC-IMS.…”

Soil biota is decisive for overyielding in intercropping under low phosphorus conditions

“…The soil was unsterilized or sterilized with γ‐radiation (>25 kGray). The sterilization method was shown to have a limited effect on the agronomic properties of air‐dry soil (Wehr & Kirchhof, 2021). The soils were fertilized with three P fertilizer forms to simulate P of different availability at the same rate of 50 mg P/kg: Ca 10 (OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 6 (Ca‐P), sodium phytate (Na‐P) and KH 2 PO 4 (K‐P), and a control (Con) with no additional P. Here, the Ca‐P used are commonly referred to stable P pools that are considered sparingly available to plants on neutral to alkaline soils (Lindsay et al, 1989).…”

Live soil ameliorated the negative effects of biodegradable but not non-biodegradable microplastics on the growth of plant communities

“…We used gamma irradiation to sterilize the soil as it has been shown to have a limited effect on agronomic properties of air-dry soil (Staunton et al 2002;Wehr & Kirchhof 2021). We separately homogenized 125 ml of the 10 different types of microplastics (five biodegradable and five non-biodegradable) with substrate in each pot, which corresponded to a microplastic concentration of 5% (v/v) in each pot (pot volume was 2.5 L) (Figure 1).…”