5-Methylcytosine content in <i>Gryllotalpa fossor</i> (Orthoptera)

Sarkar, Sukanya; Rao, Satyanarayan; Gupta, Vidya S.; Hendre, R.R.

doi:10.1139/g92-026

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In agreement with the L. migratoria digest results, these values are intermediate to those calculated for D. melanogaster embryos and A. mellifera (0.1% and 0.3% respectively) [9] and mammals (4–6%) [38]. Digestion of L. migratoria DNA was similar to that reported for the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata [20] and the mole cricket Gryllotalpa fossor [39] and is reminiscent of that seen in higher deuterostome invertebrates [40]. Together with the finding that the cabbage moth ( Mamestra brassicae ) possesses relatively high levels of DNA methylation [19], these results highlight the variability in the amount of methylation present among insect genomes, the majority of which have been shown to be sparsely methylated to date.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Evidence for Widespread Genomic Methylation in the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Robinson

Tohidi-Esfahani

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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The importance of DNA methylation in mammalian and plant systems is well established. In recent years there has been renewed interest in DNA methylation in insects. Accumulating evidence, both from mammals and insects, points towards an emerging role for DNA methylation in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity. The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) is a model organism for the study of phenotypic plasticity. Despite this, there is little information available about the degree to which the genome is methylated in this species and genes encoding methylation machinery have not been previously identified. We therefore undertook an initial investigation to establish the presence of a functional DNA methylation system in L. migratoria. We found that the migratory locust possesses genes that putatively encode methylation machinery (DNA methyltransferases and a methyl-binding domain protein) and exhibits genomic methylation, some of which appears to be localised to repetitive regions of the genome. We have also identified a distinct group of genes within the L. migratoria genome that appear to have been historically methylated and show some possible functional differentiation. These results will facilitate more detailed research into the functional significance of DNA methylation in locusts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Evidence for Widespread Genomic Methylation in the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Robinson

Tohidi-Esfahani

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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“…Unlike vertebrate genomes, which are methylated globally up to 60-90% (of all CpG nucleotides in mammals) [80,81], methylation in insects is targeted to genes [82]. DNA methylation was empirically detected in many insect species [82][83][84], including a few Ortoptheran species such as Gryllotalpa fossor, Schistocerca gregaria, and Acheta domesticus [85][86][87]. In the genome of Acheta domesticus, the 'toolkit' for DNA methylation was detected.…”

Section: Global Dna Methylation In Acheta Domesticusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and Lifespan-Dependent Differences in GO Caused DNA Damage in Acheta domesticus

Flasz

Dziewięcka

Ajay

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The rising applicability of graphene oxide (GO) should be preceded by detailed tests confirming its safety and lack of toxicity. Sensitivity to GO of immature, or with different survival strategy, individuals has not been studied so far. Therefore, in the present research, we focused on the GO genotoxic effects, examining selected parameters of DNA damage (total DNA damage, double-strand breaks—DSB, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine-8-OHdG, abasic site—AP sites), DNA damage response parameters, and global methylation in the model organism Acheta domesticus. Special attention was paid to various life stages and lifespans, using wild (H), and selected for longevity (D) strains. DNA damage was significantly affected by stage and/or strain and GO exposure. Larvae and young imago were generally more sensitive than adults, revealing more severe DNA damage. Especially in the earlier life stages, the D strain reacted more intensely/inversely than the H strain. In contrast, DNA damage response parameters were not significantly related to stage and/or strain and GO exposure. Stage-dependent DNA damage, especially DSB and 8-OHdG, with the simultaneous lack or subtle activation of DNA damage response parameters, may result from the general life strategy of insects. Predominantly fast-living and fast-breeding organisms can minimize energy-demanding repair mechanisms.

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“…Next-generation shotgun bisulphite sequencing to identify the S. gregaria methylome confirmed 1.3-1.4% cytosine methylation, 90% of which are in a CpG (cytosine followed by guanine) context (Falckenhayn et al, 2013). The locust genome is more highly methylated than most known insect genomes [but less so than the genomes of other Orthoptera: L. migratoria, 1.6% ; Grylloptalpa fossor, 3% (Sarkar et al, 1992); Chorthippus parallelus, 4.06±0.68% (Lechner et al, 2013)]. As the genome of S. gregaria has not been sequenced so far, the sequences were mapped against an EST database (Badisco et al, 2011a).…”

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confidence: 96%

Epigenetics and locust life phase transitions

Ernst

Hiel

Depuydt

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Insects are one of the most successful classes on Earth, reflected in an enormous species richness and diversity. Arguably, this success is partly due to the high degree to which polyphenism, where one genotype gives rise to more than one phenotype, is exploited by many of its species. In social insects, for instance, larval diet influences the development into distinct castes; and locust polyphenism has tricked researchers for years into believing that the drastically different solitarious and gregarious phases might be different species. Solitarious locusts behave much as common grasshoppers. However, they are notorious for forming vast, devastating swarms upon crowding. These gregarious animals are shorter lived, less fecund and transmit their phase characteristics to their offspring. The behavioural gregarisation occurs within hours, yet the full display of gregarious characters takes several generations, as does the reversal to the solitarious phase. Hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters influence some of the phase traits; however, none of the suggested mechanisms can account for all the observed differences, notably imprinting effects on longevity and fecundity. This is why, more recently, epigenetics has caught the interest of the polyphenism field. Accumulating evidence points towards a role for epigenetic regulation in locust phase polyphenism. This is corroborated in the economically important locust species Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria. Here, we review the key elements involved in phase transition in locusts and possible epigenetic regulation. We discuss the relative role of DNA methylation, histone modification and small RNA molecules, and suggest future research directions. KEY WORDS: Locust phase, Polyphenism, Locust swarming, Locusta migratoria, Schistocerca gregaria, Apis mellifera, Invertebrate, DNA methylation, Histone modification, Methylome IntroductionThe term epigenetics tends to take a variety of meanings (Haig, 2004;Jablonka and Lamb, 2002). In its narrow sense, it can be defined as 'meiotically and mitotically heritable changes in gene expression, not based on DNA sequence alterations ' (Riggs et al., 1996). In a broader sense, it can also be interpreted as 'modifications of chromosome structure ' (Bird, 2007). Independent of the interpretation, however, epigenetics did not receive much attention in insect research until recent years.The most prominent epigenetic mechanisms, namely (1) methylation of cytosine in DNA, (2) modifications of histone proteins and (3) nucleosome positioning and regulation by noncoding RNA, were only rarely the focus of the entomology field. This may have been due to the general low, often almost undetectable, levels of methylation in insects and other invertebrates REVIEW Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, bus 2465, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.*Author for correspondence (Liliane.Schoofs@bio.kuleuven.be) (Glastad et al., 2011), including the prime model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabdi...

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5-Methylcytosine content in Gryllotalpa fossor (Orthoptera)

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Evidence for Widespread Genomic Methylation in the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Evidence for Widespread Genomic Methylation in the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Age- and Lifespan-Dependent Differences in GO Caused DNA Damage in Acheta domesticus

Epigenetics and locust life phase transitions

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