4D Printing: Future Insight in Additive Manufacturing

Zafar, Muhammad Qasim; Zhao, Haiyan

doi:10.1007/s12540-019-00441-w

Cited by 89 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The fourth dimension of 4D is the transformation over time, where 4D printing technology offers an output of smart structures by using new manufacturing techniques of 3D printing, advanced materials, and customized design. 4D printed objects need a stimulus to begin the deformation phase; the trigger can be an exposure to water, heat, light, or magnetic field [166][167][168][169]. Four dimensional printing technology is a combination of 3D printing, smart materials, and customized design for object transformation.…”

Section: D and 4d Printings Of Pla Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

et al. 2021

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Over recent years, enthusiasm towards the manufacturing of biopolymers has attracted considerable attention due to the rising concern about depleting resources and worsening pollution. Among the biopolymers available in the world, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the highest biopolymers produced globally and thus, making it suitable for product commercialisation. Therefore, the effectiveness of natural fibre reinforced PLA composite as an alternative material to substitute the non-renewable petroleum-based materials has been examined by researchers. The type of fibre used in fibre/matrix adhesion is very important because it influences the biocomposites’ mechanical properties. Besides that, an outline of the present circumstance of natural fibre-reinforced PLA 3D printing, as well as its functions in 4D printing for applications of stimuli-responsive polymers were also discussed. This research paper aims to present the development and conducted studies on PLA-based natural fibre bio-composites over the last decade. This work reviews recent PLA-derived bio-composite research related to PLA synthesis and biodegradation, its properties, processes, challenges and prospects.

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Section: D and 4d Printings Of Pla Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

et al. 2021

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“…FDM uses polymers in wire form as its input material which is extruded through a heated nozzle and fused by cooling in ambient air on a printing bed gradually in the form of layers to build the part directly from the digital geometric data [2]. FDM is popular for its simple printing mechanism, material exibility, and low cost which makes the technology very attractive for 4D Printing [3]. FDM is currently used in the printing of thermoplastics e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Process Parameter Optimization in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Mustafa

Zafar

Muneer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process to produce complex 3D structures and it is typically used in the fabrication of biodegradable materials e.g. PLA/PHA for biomedical applications. However, FDM as a fabrication process for such material needs to be optimized to enhance mechanical properties. In this study, dogbone and notched samples are printed with the FDM process to determine optimum values of printing parameters for superior mechanical properties. The effect of layer thickness, infill density, and print bed temperature on mechanical properties is investigated by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum printing parameters are identified for tensile and impact strength and an empirical relation has been formulated with response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results to determine the influence of the process parameters and their interactions. ANOVA results demonstrate that 44.7% infill density, 0.44 mm layer thickness, and 20C° printing temperatures are the optimum values of printing parameters owing to improved tensile and impact strength respectively. The experimental results were found in strong agreement with the predicted theoretical results.

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“…Additive manufacturing (3D/4D printing) is developing at a fast rate with increasing choice of material selection [ 205 ]. Materials such as conductive polymers can be used in additive manufacturing to fabricate the enzymatic immobilisation matrix.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Hassan

Vyas

Grieve

et al. 2021

Sensors

192

111

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The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.

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4D Printing: Future Insight in Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 89 publications

References 109 publications

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

WITHDRAWN: Process Parameter Optimization in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

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