4D-printed parametric façade in architecture: prototyping a self-shaping skin using programmable two-way shape memory composite (TWSMC)

Abstract

PurposeThis study aims to present an architectural application of 4D-printed climate-adaptive kinetic architecture and parametric façade design.Design/methodology/approachThis work investigates experimental prototyping of a reversibly self-shaping façade, by integrating the parametric design approach, smart material and 4D-printing techniques. Thermo-responsive building skin modules of two-way shape memory composite (TWSMC) was designed and fabricated, combining the shape memory alloy fibers (SMFs) and 3D-printed shape memory polymer matrices (SMPMs). For geometry design, deformation of the TWSMC was simulated with a dimension-reduced mathematical model, and an optimal arrangement of three different types of TWSMC modules were designed and fabricated into a physical scale model.FindingsModel-based experiments show robust workability and formal reversibility of the developed façade. Potential utility of this module for adaptive building design and construction is discussed based on the results. Findings help better understand the shape memory phenomena and presented design-inclusive technology will benefit architectural communities of smart climate-adaptive building.Originality/valueTwo-way reversibility of 4D-printed composites is a topic of active research in material science but has not been clearly addressed in the practical context of architectural design, due to technical barriers. This research is the first architectural presentation of the whole design procedure, simulation and fabrication of the 4D-printed and parametrically movable façade.

A Sensitivity Analysis of Geometric Parameters of 4D-Printed Bidirectional Shape-Memory Composite in Architectural Façade Design

“…In this study, we evaluate the test design of responsive building skin assembled with TWSMC panels [15]. An overall concept and installation image are illustrated in Figs.…”

“…Lelieveld et al [12] experimentally suggested a bending façade panel, using a thermally-activated SMP matrix, and Li et al [13] schematically reviewed the SMP's applicability on the design of kinetic buildings. Recently, Yi and Kim [14] developed a reversible building skin module by combining SMA and SMP, and Yi [15] investigated computational design of a parametric SMP building façade.…”

BIM and Digital Twin for Developing Convergence Technologies as Future of Digital Construction

“…Although 4D printing has been applied in various fields like manufacturing and medicine, its utilization in construction is still limited or in the experimental stage. However, a recent study by Hwang Yi [126] implemented 4D printing to develop a prototype of a parametric smart façade that can acquire self-shaping skin and could be significant in adaptive building design and construction. Nonetheless, 4D printing is one of the disruptive technologies in the AEC industry that will create innovative design and construction ideas and implementations in the future.…”

Leading-Edge Technologies for Architectural Design: A Comprehensive Review

“…Building upon the capabilities of 3D printing, 4D printing introduces an additional dimension -time (Campbell et al, 2014;Yi and Kim, 2021;Cheng et al, 2020;Yi, 2022;Demoly et al, 2021;Tibbits, 2014). Objects produced through 4D printing are designed to transform or self-assemble in response to external stimuli, such as heat, water, or light.…”