4D multi-scale imaging of reactive flow in carbonates: Assessing the impact of heterogeneity on dissolution regimes using streamlines at multiple length scales

Menke, Hannah P.; Reynolds, Catriona; Andrew, Matthew; Nunes, J.P. Pereira; Bijeljic, Branko; Blunt, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.01.016

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For easier processing, the resulting images were inversed, causing the particles to appear bright and the background dark. The inverted images were smoothed by four different 2D median filters of sizes [3,5], [5,3], [1,3] and [3,1] pixels. The filters were applied separately and the results were averaged.…”

Section: Object Detection and Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area of flow in porous media relates to many processes which are driven by pore-scale velocities. Prominent examples are dispersion 1,2 reactive transport 3,4 and mass transfer 5,6 . Conventional measurement techniques used for the investigation of flow in porous media, such as X-ray computer tomography and positron emission tomography, achieve frame rates of <1 frame per second.…”

Section: Introduction Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Franchini

Charogiannis

Markides

et al. 2019

Advances in Water Resources

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Flow and transport in porous media are driven by pore scale processes. Particle tracking in transparent porous media allows for the observation of these processes at the time scale of ms. We demonstrate an application of defocusing particle tracking using brightfield illumination and a CMOS camera sensor. The resulting images have relatively high noise levels. To address this challenge, we propose a new calibration for locating particles in the out-of-plane direction. The methodology relies on extracting features of particle images by fitting generalized Gaussian distributions to particle images. The resulting fitting parameters are then linked to the out-of-plane coordinates of particles using flexible machine learning tools. A workflow is presented which shows how to generate a training dataset of fitting parameters paired to known out-of-plane locations. Several regression models are tested on the resulting training dataset, of which a boosted regression tree ensemble produced the lowest cross-validation error. The efficiacy of the proposed methodology is then examined in a laminar channel flow in a large measurement volume of 2048, 1152 and 3000 μm in length, width and depth respectively. The size of the test domain reflects the representative elementary volume of many fluid flow phenomena in porous media. Such large measurement depths require the collection of images at different focal levels. We acquired images at 21 focal levels 150 μm apart from each other. The error in predicting the out-of-plane location in a single slice of 240 μm thickness was found to be 7 μm, while in-plane locations were determined with sub-pixel resolution (below 0.8 μm). The mean relative error in the velocity measurement was obtained by comparing the experimental results to an analytic model of the flow. The estimated displacement errors in the axial direction of the flow were 0.21 pixel and 0.22 pixel at flows rates of 1.0 mL/h and 2.5 mL/h, respectively. These results demonstrate that it is possible to conduct three-dimensional particle tracking in a representative elementary volume based on a simple apparatus comprising a microscope with standard brightfield illumination and a camera with CMOS sensor.

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Section: Object Detection and Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Franchini

Charogiannis

Markides

et al. 2019

Advances in Water Resources

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“…Because of this strong dependence on how rock properties impact dissolution patterns, it is important to be able to predict them. Recent reactive core flood experiments in single‐mineral carbonates have shown nonuniform dissolution at the reactive transport conditions that would normally describe a uniform dissolution regime in homogeneous materials, thus pointing out to the importance of impact of physical heterogeneity on reaction (Al‐Khulaifi et al, , ; Menke et al, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐Scale Dissolution by CO₂ Saturated Brine in a Multimineral Carbonate at Reservoir Conditions: Impact of Physical and Chemical Heterogeneity

Al‐Khulaifi

Lin

Blunt

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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We study the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity on reaction rates in multimineral porous media. We selected two pairs of carbonate samples of different physical heterogeneity in accordance with their initial computed velocity distributions and then injected CO2 saturated brine at reservoir conditions at two flow rates. We periodically imaged the samples using X‐ray microtomography. The mineralogical composition was similar (a ratio of dolomite to calcite of 8:1), but the intrinsic reaction rates and mineral spatial distribution were profoundly different. Visualizations of velocity fields and reacted mineral distributions revealed that a dominant flow channel formed in all cases. The more physically homogeneous samples had a narrower velocity distribution and more preexisting fast channels, which promoted dominant channel formation in their proximity. In contrast, the heterogeneous samples exhibit a broader distribution of velocities and fewer fast channels, which accentuated nonuniform calcite distribution and favored calcite dissolution away from the initially fast pathways. We quantify the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity by computing the proximity of reacted minerals to the fast flow pathways. The average reaction rates were an order of magnitude lower than the intrinsic ones due to mass transfer limitations. The effective reaction rate of calcite decreased by an order of magnitude, in both fast channels and slow regions. After channel formation calcite was shielded by dolomite whose effective rate in slow regions could even increase. Overall, the preferential channeling effect, as opposed to uniform dissolution, was promoted by a higher degree of physical and/or chemical heterogeneity.

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“…A typical example for an operando experiment recorded with pink beam is shown in figure 2. The study concerns multiphase flow reactive transport processes during injection of supercritical CO2, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the storage of CO2 in sandstone in the presence of brine [9][10][11][12][13]. The study revealed new mechanisms, namely a snap-off of brine connectivity under high-loading conditions.…”

Section: Micro-tomography Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CO2 (yellow) expands to new areas (blue) and recesses partially (red). Some CO2 volumes are snapped-off[9][10][11][12][13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Multi-scale imaging using the Beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source

Rau

Storm

Marathe

et al. 2019

Developments in X-Ray Tomography XII

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The DIAMOND beamline I13L is dedicated to multi-scale and multi-modal imaging in real and reciprocal space. The beamline consists of two independently operating experimental stations, located at a distance of more than 200 m from the source. The Imaging Branch performs micro-tomography with in-line phase contrast in the 6-30 keV energy range. In addition, a grating interferometry setup and a full-field microscope for nano-tomography are currently implemented. Other techniques providing high-resolution three-dimensional information, in particular coherent X-ray diffraction, are hosted on the Coherence Branch. All imaging methods are tested to operate with large energy bandwidths and therefore shorter exposure times. To this end, two options are currently used: the so-called 'pink-beam' mode using a reflecting mirror and X-ray filters and monochromatic mode using a multilayer monochromator. The operation mode enables science for in-situ and operando studies across a wide range of scientific areas.

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4D multi-scale imaging of reactive flow in carbonates: Assessing the impact of heterogeneity on dissolution regimes using streamlines at multiple length scales

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Pore‐Scale Dissolution by CO₂ Saturated Brine in a Multimineral Carbonate at Reservoir Conditions: Impact of Physical and Chemical Heterogeneity

Fast Multi-scale imaging using the Beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source

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4D multi-scale imaging of reactive flow in carbonates: Assessing the impact of heterogeneity on dissolution regimes using streamlines at multiple length scales

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Calibration of astigmatic particle tracking velocimetry based on generalized Gaussian feature extraction

Pore‐Scale Dissolution by CO2 Saturated Brine in a Multimineral Carbonate at Reservoir Conditions: Impact of Physical and Chemical Heterogeneity

Fast Multi-scale imaging using the Beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source

Contact Info

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Resources

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Pore‐Scale Dissolution by CO₂ Saturated Brine in a Multimineral Carbonate at Reservoir Conditions: Impact of Physical and Chemical Heterogeneity