4D analogue modelling of transtensional pull-apart basins

Wu, Jonny; McClay, Ken; Whitehouse, Paul; Dooley, Tim P.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.06.007

Cited by 212 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The Lempa basin infill does not display significant geomorphic fault scarps due to high sedimentation rates. In figure 3, the Lempa basin fault network is compared with a trantensional pull-apart analogue model proposed by Wu et al (2009). A good correlation is shown in terms of fault distribution and kinematics.…”

Section: Fault Trace Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural evolution of the El Salvador Fault Zone: an evolving fault system within a volcanic arc.

Catalán

Díaz

Pérez

et al. 2014

Journal of Iberian Geology

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The El Salvador Fault Zone, firstly identified after the 13th February 2001 Mw 6.6 El Salvador earthquake, is a 150 km long, 20 km wide right-lateral strike-slip fault system. Ruptures along the ESFZ are thought to be responsible for most of the historical destructive earthquakes along the El Salvador Volcanic Arc, as well as for most of the current seismicity of the area. In this work, we focus on the geological setting of the fault zone by describing its geomorphology and structure, using field-based observations, digital terrain modelling, and aerial photograph interpretation with the aim at contributing to the understanding of the ESFZ slip behaviour. In particular, we address the ESFZ structure, kinematics and evolution with time.The ESFZ is a complex set of traces divided in major rupture segments characterized by different geometry, kinematics and geomorphic expressions. Natural fault exposures and paleoseismic trenches excavated along the fault show that the strike-slip deformation is distributed in several planes. Both geometry and kinematics of the fault zone are consistent with a transtensional strain regime.The estimated geological slip rate for the main fault segments by paleoseismic trenches and displaced geomorphic features implies a deficit in velocity of the fault compared to the available GPS velocities data. The high vertical scarps of some fault segments would require Quaternary slip rates not coherent neither with measured GPS velocities nor with slip rates obtained from paleoseismic analysis. This mismatch suggests a pre-existing graben structure that would be inherited from the previous regional roll back related extensional stage. We consider that the ESFZ is using this relict structure to grow up along it. As a result, we propose a model for ESFZ development consistent with all these observations. Keywords: El Salvador Fault Zone, active strike-slip fault, 13 February 2001 earthquake, geomorphology, Volcanic arc Resumen La Zona de Falla de El Salvador (ZFES) es un sistema de falla de desgarre dextral de 150 km de longitud y 20 de anchura, que fue identificada por primera vez después del terremoto de Mw 6.6 de El Salvador de febrero de 2001. La mayoría de la sismicidad y de los terremotos históricos destructivos producidos en el arco volcánico salvadoreño han sido producidos por la ruptura de la ZFES. Este trabajo se centra en el marco geológico de la zona de falla describiendo su geomorfología y su estructura a través de observaciones de campo, del estudio de los modelos digitales del terreno y de la interpretación de las fotografías aéreas, con el objetivo de avanzar en el conocimiento del comportamiento de la ZFES. En concreto trataremos del estudio de la estructura, la cinemática y la evolución de la ZFES.La ZFES es un complejo sistema de fallas divididas en varios segmentos que se diferencian en la geometría, la cinemática y la expresión geomorfológica. En los afloramientos de la falla, así como en las trincheras paleosismicas excavadas se ha observado que la deformación de d...

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Section: Fault Trace Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural evolution of the El Salvador Fault Zone: an evolving fault system within a volcanic arc.

Catalán

Díaz

Pérez

et al. 2014

Journal of Iberian Geology

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“…The lack of pull-aparts along the long linear segment of the Tóalmás Zone NE of the study area (Palotai and Csontos 2010) suggests a pure strike-slip regime. Also, the mapped basin geometry is closer to the pure strike-slip model of Wu et al (2009) than their transtensional version. This idea is corroborated by the Early Pannonian activity of east-west striking thrust segments on basin margins (see above, Fig.…”

Section: Pull-apart Basin Characteristics and Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Reijs and McClay 2003;Cembrano et al 2005), as well as analogue models on pull-aparts (e.g. Dooley and McClay 1997;Wu et al 2009) is the lack of cross-basin shortcut faults. In our view, this peculiarity comes from the presence of salt in the Adony area, at least partially decoupling the basin infill and concentrating brittle deformation to the basin margins.…”

Section: Pull-apart Basin Characteristics and Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural basin reworked by salt-related pull-apart structures: the Adony Basin

Palotai¹,

Csontos²

2012

Central European Geology

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Several main tectonic lineaments originating in the Alps and Dinarides merge in Central Hungary to form the Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone. As these structures are hidden beneath sub-basins of the Neogene Pannonian Basin, it has long been debated whether the tectonic style of the shear zone is mainly contractional or strike-slip. New 3D seismic data allowed a detailed analysis of one of these sub-basins, the Adony Basin, located south of Budapest. Its evolution is linked to the tectonics between the southern Tisza unit of European passive margin affinity, the northern ALCAPA block with Alpine affinity, and sheared remnants of Dinaric units in between. During the Oligocene and Early to Middle Miocene, a flexural basin related to the convergent thrusting of Dinaric-and ALCAPA-derived units was developed. On the southern side, N-NW verging thrust sheets were observed. On the opposite front, Triassic carbonates of ALCAPA were thrust several kilometres above Palaeogene formations to the SW. Dextral transpression is assumed for the Middle Miocene. Local deposition of Middle Miocene salt in the basin formed a detachment surface. Late Miocene sinistral strike-slip faulting resulted in a pull-apart basin above that part of the earlier flexural basin that has not been overthrust. The margins of the basin coincided with the fronts of earlier thrusts. Faults on the basin margins partly detached on the salt, decoupling the supra-salt basin fill from the underlying formations. Within the pull-apart basin, gravity sliding on the steep margins resulted in salt welds, detachment and roll-over folds.

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“…This conclusion is supported by morphometric analyses and confirm the general kine dextral shear along the bounding W E and NW SE-oriented dislocations), there is no evidence for the change of tectonic regime at the Frasnian to Famennian/early Tournaisian boundary from transtension to transpression, especially in relation to the new agethe significant role of the Intra-Sudetic Fault, interpreted as the major strike-slip zone controlling The prevalence of strike-slip and normal zones points to the passive evolution of the central ith the formation of an intraThe process of formation of morphological and structural intra-basinal elevations within pull-apart basins was documented in experiments [28] and postulated SW-oriented strike-slip faults, interpreted here as high-angle R' faults, complementary to the bounding -slip faults are reflected in the structural anomalies of valley formation and of the largest activity of strike-slip and normal faults is difficult based on structural analyses, this process was most likely related to the stage of the last tectonic inversion (Neogene) in the Sudetes. Furthermore, the results of geodetic measurements indicate the recent tectonic activity of this area [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area (Świebodzice Unit, Sudetes) in the light of structural analysis and geodetic measurements

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Indicators of r area are registered by the measuring instruments of the SRC PAS (Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences) Geodynamic Laboratory tal pendulums (since 1974) and over 10 years of observations from water-tube tiltmeters (since 2002) have documented irregularly repeatable strong signals related to the relative displacement of blocks in the rock substrate, d. These signals have dip (rotational) and vertical strike-slip components. Also, the presence of a horizontal strikeslip component is evidenced by geometric anomalies (deformations) of the the orientation of the main faults in the area. Recent geodynamic activity is documented by destruction of the construction elements in the castle complex. Instrumental indicators of movement, geodetic measurements and structural analysis of the rock massif have allowed for constructing a model showing the main unconformity surfaces in the analysed rock massif. Sinistral, NE SW and ENE WSW-oriented strike-slip faults prevail in the laboratory corridors, along with perpendicular WNW ESE and NW SSE-oriented dextral and normal faults. Most dislocations are accompanied by zones of intense cataclasys, secondary silification, and Fe and Mn mineralization. Generally, the faults were formed due to reactivation of joint fractures cutting the steeply N-and S-dipping (at 75

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4D analogue modelling of transtensional pull-apart basins

Cited by 212 publications

References 62 publications

Structural evolution of the El Salvador Fault Zone: an evolving fault system within a volcanic arc.

Structural evolution of the El Salvador Fault Zone: an evolving fault system within a volcanic arc.

Flexural basin reworked by salt-related pull-apart structures: the Adony Basin

Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area (Świebodzice Unit, Sudetes) in the light of structural analysis and geodetic measurements

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