45  Gb/s PAM4 transmission based on VCSEL with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques

Lu, Hai‐Han; Li, Chung-Yi; Chen, Hwan-Wei; Yang, Zhanyu; Lin, Xin-Yao; Cheng, Ming-Te; Lu, Chang-Kai; Shih, Tien‐Tsorng

doi:10.1364/ol.41.005023

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After electrical equalization by a linear equalizer, the transmission performances of offered 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 fiber-IVLLC integration are evaluated in view of BER values and eye diagrams in real-time. Real-time BER measurement is executed by employing a onechannel high-sensitivity error detector (ED) and the PAM8 seven-eye sampling method, in a manner similar to the BER measurement for PAM4 [10], [11]. This is a low-cost PAM8 BER measurement method for calculating total BER.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Speed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL Transmitter-Based Fiber–IVLLC Integration

Wang

et al. 2018

IEEE Photonics J.

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A high-speed 84 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB)-eight-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM8) fiber-invisible laser light communication (IVLLC) integration based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter with injection locking scheme is proposed. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to realize a high-speed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL transmitter-based fiber-IVLLC integration. It is effectual to adopt an optical VSB-PAM8 signal in fiber-IVLLC integrations to suppress the linewidth of an optical signal so as to reduce the fiber dispersion. An injection locking scheme and a linear equalizer possess enhancements in frequency response, and thereby provide good transmission performances in a high-speed VSB-PAM8 fiber-IVLLC integration. Impressive bit error rate performance and clear eye diagrams are acquired in real time at a 25-km single-mode fiber operation with a 10-m free-space link. Such proposed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL transmitter-based fiber-IVLLC integration is a notable option for providing high transmission rates at optical fiber and optical wireless communications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Speed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL Transmitter-Based Fiber–IVLLC Integration

Wang

et al. 2018

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…The image quality is specified as megapixel as one million pixel equals to one megapixel and abbreviated as Mpx or MPixel. The image quality of camera is determined based on the megapixel range as the manufacturer indicates the maximum supported value [13]. An webcam with a resolution of 1920 × 1080 can capture up to 2073600 pixels or 2.0736 megapixels, rounded off as 2MP.…”

Section: Webcam Resolution Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Collision Avoidance System Using Li-Fi

Mansingh¹,

Sekar²,

Titus³

2022

IoT Applications Computing

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In recent times, large numbers of road accidents occurring all over the world are mainly due to collisions between vehicles. More than 1.2 million peoples were died in road accidents in 2019, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Human safety features are much needed in the manufacturing of vehicles. The proposed method mainly focuses on reducing the number of accidents in our daily lives by avoiding collision between the vehicles. There are several factors corresponding to such difficult conditions that may results in death or disabilities. The causes are sudden loss of concentration of the driver, braking failure and stability issues. These criteria can be reduced only if there is a possibility for communication between the vehicles and the drivers in order to avoid accidents. There are various vehicular communication system models like Dedicated Short Range Communication and Vehicular Ad-Hoc network operating less than 5.9 GHz. These radio frequency based communication also has some limitations such as interference, congested spectrum and security. These drawbacks can be reduced by implementing the Visible Light Communication (VLC) in vehicles. It provides larger bandwidth, security, interference immunity, and high data rate. High speed data transmission and reception can be achieved using visible light based data communication system. This technology is known as Light Fidelity (Li-Fi). This chapter presents the innovative method to evade collision between two vehicles (rear and front). This communication system is cost effective with high speed data rate capabilities.

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“…Moreover, the demonstration of white light communication was also possible after using a phosphor in front of a blue laser diode using 16-QAM OFDM modulation scheme to achieve 4 Gb/s data rate [1]. To further improve the laser diode characteristics, modulation bandwidth and particularly linewidth, very recently, optical injection assisting schemes, which is quite mature in the near-infrared regime, have been implemented at visible wavelengths [16]- [18]. In literature, two types of injection techniques have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of optical injection on red and blue laser diodes for high bit-rate visible light communication

Shamim

Shemis

Shen

et al. 2019

Optics Communications

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In this work, self-injection and external-injection in ~450 nm InGaN/GaN blue and ~650 nm InGaP/AlGaInP red diode lasers are investigated. A distinct locking characteristic is observed in the selfinjection case with small 19 cm cavity length, demonstrating enhanced ~2.34 and ~2.07 GHz 3-dB bandwidths, corresponding to a factor of ~1.4 and ~1.1 improvement, and reduced ~60 and ~80 pm spectral linewidths, for the blue and the red lasers, respectively. Moreover, this short external cavity self-injection locked system exhibited superior performance by a factor of 1.1-1.3 compared to the long cavity (26 cm) configuration. Conversely, the external optical injection exhibited weak locking signature with improved linewidths by a factor of ~1.6 -2.8 and reaching as small as ~70 and ~87 pm for the blue laser, respectively, while almost doubling in the peak powers. Later, on-off keying modulation technique based data transmission rates of up to 3.5 and 4.5 Gb/s are demonstrated on free-running blue and red laser diodes, respectively, employing an in-house laser diode mount based system. Moreover, owing to the bandwidth limitation of the optically injected systems, successful transmission of up to 2 Gb/s is demonstrated with better performance compared to the respective free-running cases, in particular, the external-optically injected system demonstrated more than double improvement in the bit-error-rate.

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45 Gb/s PAM4 transmission based on VCSEL with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

A High-Speed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL Transmitter-Based Fiber–IVLLC Integration

A High-Speed 84 Gb/s VSB-PAM8 VCSEL Transmitter-Based Fiber–IVLLC Integration

Vehicle Collision Avoidance System Using Li-Fi

Analysis of optical injection on red and blue laser diodes for high bit-rate visible light communication

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