“…In the normal incidence, the contrast ratio is insensitive to the incident light wavelength, LC cell gap, and operating temperature [3]. For wide-view applications, e.g., LCD TVs and desktop monitors, multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) [4], advanced super view [5], and patterned vertical alignment (PVA) [6] have been developed. To realize the useful electro-optic effects using longitudinal electric field, the VA cells require a negative dielectric anisotropic LC mixture, i.e., De ¼ e k À e ?…”