40 YEARS OF IGF1: The emerging connections between IGF1, the intestinal microbiome, Lactobacillus strains and bone growth

Abstract

In most animal species, postnatal growth is controlled by conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. In mammals, juvenile growth is characterized by a longitudinal bone growth resulting from the ossification of the growth plate. This ossification is under IGF1 influence through endocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Moreover, the nutritional status has been largely described as an important factor influencing the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling. It is now well established that the gut microbiota modulates the nutrient availability of its host. Hence, studies of the interaction between nutritional status, gut microbiota and bone growth have recently emerged. Here, we review recent findings using experimental models about the impact of gut bacteria on the somatotropic axis and its consequence on the bone growth. We also discuss the perspectives of these studies in opening an entire field for clinical interventions.

Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

“…The proposed mechanism for this effect is a strain-dependent stimulation of the somatotrophic axis and the production of IGF-1. The authors also discussed that optimization of enterocyte nutrient uptake and SCFA production may explain the modulation of serum IGF-1 levels (Poinsot et al, 2018). The potential effects of these bacterial strains on osteoporosis or protection against bone loss have not been reported so far.…”

Gut microbiota and metabolite alterations associated with reduced bone mineral density or bone metabolic indexes in postmenopausal osteoporosis

“…Importantly, the intestinal microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple human chronic diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease and liver diseases [9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, recent findings provide substantial evidence for the existence of a gut microbiota-bone axis [14][15][16][17][18], and the gut microbiota is a major regulator of bone mineral density (BMD) via the effects of the immune system [18,19]. A previous study suggested that the gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice by altering the immune status in bone and affecting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption [20].…”

Nutritional Interventions Improved Rumen Functions and Promoted Compensatory Growth of Growth-Retarded Yaks as Revealed by Integrated Transcripts and Microbiome Analyses

“…However, simple nutritional improvement may fail to promote the compensatory growth of animals that underwent excessive malnutrition; therefore, more efficient and safe methods to promote compensatory growth are clearly required. Generally, re-nutrition strategies for nutritionally stunted children occur in two steps: one is providing adequate nutrients for the rapid growth, and second is supplementing with micronutrients, prebiotics and probiotics to repair the physiological impairment (Caballero, 2002; Poinsot et al, 2018). Cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) is a natural substance produced in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract and facilitate gastrointestinal development by exhausting somatostatin (SS) (Barnett and Hegarty, 2016).…”