4‐Hydroxyderricin, as a PPARγ Agonist, Promotes Adipogenesis, Adiponectin Secretion, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3‐L1 Cells

Abstract

Adipocyte differentiation plays a pivotal role in maintaining the production of small-size adipocytes with insulin sensitivity, and impaired adipogenesis is implicated in insulin resistance. 4-Hydroxyderricin (4-HD), a phytochemical component of Angelica keiskei, possesses diverse biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 4-HD on adipocyte differentiation. 4-HD promoted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, upregulated both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ mRNA and protein expression, and acted as a ligand for PPARγ in the luciferase assay. Moreover, 4-HD increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of adiponectin. Additionally, it promoted insulin-dependent glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 mRNA expression. In summary, these findings suggest that 4-HD, which promoted adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells, might be a phytochemical with potent insulin-sensitizing effects.

Anthocyanins from Purple Corn Ameliorated Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α‐Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes via Activation of Insulin Signaling and Enhanced GLUT4 Translocation

“…Through the mechanistic study, it was determined that PCW increased adiponectin and reduced leptin. These markers are considered as inflammatory modulators, known to play a crucial role in insulin sensitivity and body energy balance . Adiponectin is predominately produced by adipocytes and directly sensitizes cells to insulin, and its levels are lower in insulin resistance and diabetes than in healthy individuals .…”

Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Regulate Secretion of Adiponectin and Interleukin‐6 in Primary Canine Adipose Tissue Culture

“…A potential mechanism for the effect of EPA to increase adiponectin secretion from canine adipocytes is the upregulation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Adiponectin production increases with higher levels of expression and activation of PPARγ (Bouskila, Pajvani, & Scherer, 2005;Li et al, 2016;Maeda et al, 2001). In dogs, increased expression of adiponectin in adipocytes differentiated in culture (Ryan et al, 2010) and increased secretion of adiponectin from mature (Mazaki-Tovi et al, 2016) adipocytes have been demonstrated in response to PPARγ agonists.…”

Lactobacillus Fermentum CQPC07 Attenuates Obesity, Inflammation and Dyslipidemia by Modulating the Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in High-fat-diet-induced Obese Mice

“…It is critical in regulating fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation of fatty acids, ketogenic effects, bile acid synthesis, and triglyceride conversion [44], and PPAR-α signaling inhibits lipid accumulation and subsequent oxidative stress. PPARγ is another member of the PPAR family that is an essential transcription factor in regulating lipid metabolism [45,46]. It participates in fat metabolism and promotes synthesis, transport, and lipid deposition by regulating the transcription of lipid metabolism-related genes [45,46].…”

“…PPARγ is another member of the PPAR family that is an essential transcription factor in regulating lipid metabolism [45,46]. It participates in fat metabolism and promotes synthesis, transport, and lipid deposition by regulating the transcription of lipid metabolism-related genes [45,46]. In addition, PPAR-γ acts as a key factor in early adipocyte differentiation and it promotes the expression of C/EBP-α, and then they work together to induce adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition [47,48].…”