4-Dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst in heroin synthesis

Klemenc, Sonja

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00291-8

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The acetylation reaction mechanism of 4‐DMAP catalysis involves a nucleophilic attack of 4‐DMAP on a carbonyl group of acetic anhydride, generating a positively charged intermediate ‘A’, confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 23. The reaction of A with benzyl alcohol then leads to a second intermediate ‘B’,24 which finally produces benzyl acetate, as the main product, and regenerates 4‐DMAP (shown in Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Zhu

Gamez

Chen

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) for real-time monitoring of organic chemical reactions was demonstrated for a well-established pharmaceutical process reaction and a widely used acetylation reaction in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP). EESI-MS provides real-time information that allows us to determine the optimum time for terminating the reaction based on the relative intensities of the precursors and products. In addition, tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis via EESI-MS permits on-line validation of proposed reaction intermediates. The simplicity and rapid response of EESI-MS make it a valuable technique for on-line characterization and full control of chemical and pharmaceutical reactions, resulting in maximized product yield and minimized environmental costs.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Zhu

Gamez

Chen

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The medicinal properties of opium and cultivation of opium poppy date back to the ancient Mesopotamian and Sumerian cultures [1,2]. Heroin (diacetylmorphine) is one of the semi-synthetic opiate drugs and it has been synthesized from morphine, a naturally occurring substance derived from the poppy plants, in 1874 in England by Wright [3]. It is rapidly acting and a highly addictive drug and a heavily abused and extremely potent opiate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Melatonin and Vitamin E Plus Selenium in Prevention of Oxidative Stress Induced by Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal in Heroin-Addicted Rats

Cemek

Büyükokuroğlu

Hazman

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The therapeutic effects of melatonin or vitamin E plus Se (vE + Se) on the restrain of the heroin withdrawal-induced oxidative stress were studied. For this, rats were divided into ten groups. The rats were injected by fixed or variable doses of heroin for 16 consecutive days, and naloxone was given 1 h after the last heroin injection. One hour after naloxone administration, some groups were treated with melatonin or vE + Se. After 1 h this, blood samples were taken, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene, nitrite, nitrate, and ceruloplasmin levels in the serum were measured. Our findings showed that, naloxone administration precipitated the heroin withdrawal. This also increased the level of MDA and decreased the levels of GSH in blood. Melatonin or vE + Se administration prevented the rise in MDA levels and increased the GSH levels. On the other hand, there were some significant differences between α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene, nitrite, nitrate, and ceruloplasmin levels of experimental groups. Results of present study showed that heroin withdrawal increased the lipid peroxidation and depressed endogenous antioxidative systems. Additionally, melatonin or vE + Se administrations prevented lipid peroxidation and augmented endogenous antioxidant defense systems.

show abstract

“…To verify the presence of hydroxyl groups on the f −FeCo/GC NCs and to alter the hydrophilic surface properties of the NCs by modifying the hydroxyl groups, we carried out acetylation of the hydroxyl groups by acetic anhydride (Scheme ) . Briefly, the f −FeCo/GC NCs were dispersed in an excess amount of acetic anhydride in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (4‐DMAP) as a catalyst, and then, the mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent Functionalization of FeCo/Graphitic Shell Nanocrystals via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Covalently functionalized water-soluble FeCo/ graphitic shell nanocrystals (fÀFeCo/GC NCs) were synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from sarcosine and glucose. The FeCo core has superparamagnetic properties at room temperature, and the graphitic shell exhibits near-infrared optical absorbance. Acetylation of the hydroxyl groups on the fÀFeCo/GC NCs gives doubly functionalized FeCo/GC (ffÀFeCo/GC) NCs that are soluble only in organic solvents such as ethyl acetate. The fÀFeCo/GC NCs were shown to be excellent T 1 or T 2 MRI contrast agents. Especially, due to the hydrophilic and compact surface functionalization, fÀFeCo/GC NCs exhibit a doubled r 1 relaxivity and half r 2 /r 1 ratio compared to those of the non-covalently PL-PEG-functionalized FeCo/GC NCs. This work shows not only the first synthesis of covalently functionalized highly water-soluble metal NCs coated with a single-layered graphitic shell, but also for the first time the MR enhancing properties of the covalently functionalized magnetic NCs.[a] Dr.

show abstract

4-Dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst in heroin synthesis

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

The Roles of Melatonin and Vitamin E Plus Selenium in Prevention of Oxidative Stress Induced by Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal in Heroin-Addicted Rats

Covalent Functionalization of FeCo/Graphitic Shell Nanocrystals via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About