“…Moreover, carbon shells tend to have porous structures because they are formed from the thermal decomposition of the given carbon sources without being supplied with additional precursors, leading to a weak structure that is easily broken 40 , 44 . On the other hand, carbon materials produced by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon precursors such as methane, ethylene, benzene, and alcohols have characteristics of imperviousness, high purity and hardness 45 , 46 . Also, their structural features (e.g., density or porosity) can easily be controlled by the reaction time and type of carbon sources 42 , 43 .…”