Untitled

Sandospace R and five multi‐functional reactive dyes have been applied to lyocell fibre, by exhaust methods. A comparison has been made of the number of mmoles of each species covalently bonded to the fibre, with cross‐linking efficiency (NSF values). None of the dyes studied was able to achieve levels of cross‐linking found in non‐fibrillating grades of lyocell, unless unrealistically high levels were applied. Sandospace R readily matched the NSF values found in commercially produced non‐fibrillating fibres. An explanatory mechanism based on differences in size between Sandospace R and the reactive dyes has been proposed. Fitting the experimental NSF data to an Arrhenius model confirmed the increasing gradient of the NSF curves with increasing millimolar concentration of species fixed. The chroma of the agent‐plus‐dye fibre samples remained relatively constant being either at the same level or above that of those fibre samples treated only with dye. Co‐application of Sandospace R with the reactive dyes has achieved levels of cross‐linking found in commercial non‐fibrillating lyocell fibres.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protection of lyocell fibres against fibrillation; mechanism for the poor crosslinking performance of reactive dyes on lyocell fibres and the influence of a colourless crosslinking agent as co‐applicant

Ibbett

Owens

Reisel

et al. 2009

“…The propensity of a fibre to fibrillate can be determined by measuring its Nass‐Scheuer‐Festigkeit (NSF) value (see ). It has been shown that there is a good correlation between NSF value and fibre cross‐linking [2,10,11] and this technique is used routinely to assess the performance of reactive dyes [1,2,4] and novel cross‐linking agents [12,13]. Accordingly, in the context of lyocell, NSF numbers are used as a measure of cross‐linking and, in turn, of protection against fibrillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of lyocell fibres against fibrillation; influence of dyeing with bis‐monochloro‐s‐triazinyl reactive dyes

Bates

Ibbett

Reisel

et al. 2008

Four bis‐monochlorotriazinyl (bis‐MCT) reactive dyes, including Procion Orange H‐ER, together with Remazol Black B, were applied, in turn, to lyocell fibres and their wet abrasion resistance (Nass‐Scheuer‐Festigkeit) measured. The bis‐MCT dyes performed poorly, showing that little cross‐linking had occurred and all were inferior to Remazol Black B. The cross‐linking propensity of Procion Orange H‐ER was not superior to the other bis‐MCT dyes evaluated. A possible explanation for the apparent superiority of Procion Orange H‐ER in a recent paper published in this journal may lie with fabric construction but not with the suppression of fibrillation once it has occurred.

“…Tencel LF and Tencel A 100. Certain bifunctional cellulose reactive dyes also offer some protection against wet abrasion [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐linking agents for the protection of lyocell against fibrillation: stability of benzeneacrylamido compounds to high temperature acidic environments

Renfrew

Phillips

et al. 2005

A number of benzeneacrylamido compounds, each with at least one sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid group, have been synthesised and converted to the corresponding methyl ethers. The derivatives were then subjected to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions (130 °C) in pH 4.0 buffer solution for 1 h. Derivatives with sulphonic acid groups meta or para to the amide links proved to be hydrolytically stable to the high temperature treatment, whereas derivatives with either an ortho sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid substituent underwent significant amide hydrolysis. This is consistent with previous findings and with a neighbouring group participation mechanism. Accordingly, benzeneacrylamido cross‐linking agents for lyocell fibres, designed to be hydrolytically stable to a range of high temperature polyester dyeing conditions appropriate for polyester/lyocell blends, should be devoid of ortho sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid substituents.