3D Structural Strengthening Urchin‐Like Cu(OH)₂‐Based Symmetric Supercapacitors with Adjustable Capacitance

Abstract

Developing advanced three-dimensional (3D) structural supercapacitors with both high capacity and good mechanical strength remains challenging. Herein, a novel road is reported for fabricating 3D structural strengthening supercapacitors with adjustable capacitance based on urchin-like Cu(OH) 2 lattice electrodes by bridging 3D printing technology with a facile electroless plating and electro-oxidation method. As revealed by the results, the 3D-printed octettruss lattice electrode features a high volumetric capacitance of 8.46 F cm −3 at 5 mA cm −3 and superior retention capacity of 68% at 1 A cm −3 . The assembled symmetric supercapacitor with a 70.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles possesses a 12.8 Wh kg −1 energy density at a power density of 2110.2 W kg −1 . Additionally, the resulting 3D structural strengthening electrodes can achieve both high compressive strength and toughness of 30 MPa and 264.7 kJ m −3 , respectively, demonstrating high mechanical strength and excellent antideformation capacity. With the proposed strategy, the electrochemical and mechanical properties of these novel 3D structural strengthened supercapacitors can be easily tuned by a simple spatial framework design, fulfilling the increasing demand of highly customized power sources in the space-constrained microelectronics and astronautic electronics industries.

Fabrication of resorcinol-based porous resin carbon material and its application in aqueous symmetric supercapacitors

“…10,33 Unlike most porous carbon materials, the impedance curves of these four materials at low frequencies are still at an angle of about 45 to the transverse axis, which indicates that the diffusion rate of electrolyte ions in these materials is very slow, mainly due to the concentrated distribution of supermicropore size. 34 As shown in Fig. 8a, the maximum power densities of RC500, RC600, RC700 and RC800 are 7, 22, 28, 20 W kg À1 , respectively.…”

2‐nm‐Thick NiCo LDH@NiSe Single‐Crystal Nanorods Grown on Ni Foam as Integrated Electrode with Enhanced Areal Capacity for Supercapacitors

“…Therefore, it is very important to improve the areal capacity by solving the problems between areal loading and conductivity. The simpliest way is to grow active material directly on conductive substrate (nickel foam, carbon cloth, copper foam, etc) to serve as an integrated electrode . As their high theoretical capacity and controllable layered structures, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are chosen as one kind of promising battery‐type active materials to grow for high capacity .…”

Recent Development of Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors Using Transition Metal Compounds as Electrode Materials

“…Some substrates can withstand large tensile strength, such as CNT film (52 MPa), [ 87 ] 3D‐printed ceramic lattice (30 MPa), [ 88 ] oxidized CNT fiber (67 MPa), [ 58 ] polyaniline (PANI)/bacterial cellulose (107 MPa), [ 89 ] CNT yarn (150 MPa), clay/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):​poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (62 MPa), [ 90 ] CNT/graphene fiber with (≈630 MPa), [ 91 ] graphene/aramid nanofiber (101 MPa), [ 92 ] and printed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fabric (442 MPa). [ 93 ] However, many previous reports calculated the specific capacitance merely based on the mass loading of electroactive materials without considering the weight of the substrate or current collector, which cannot accurately reflect the performance of the whole device.…”

“…Chang et al. [ 88 ] fabricated a metallized 3D‐printed ceramic lattice as a robust current collector and covered Cu(OH) 2 nanowires in situ on top of the lattice. The 3D‐printed skeleton allowed for a higher mass loading of active materials and demonstrated appealing mechanical properties due to its unique 3D geometric configuration.…”