2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.020
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3D spongy graphene-modified screen-printed sensors for the voltammetric determination of the narcotic drug codeine

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Cited by 58 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…These should be less time-consuming than the extraction methods from human fluids with high recovery yields and accurate analytical methods. 14,24 Various sample preparation techniques have been developed in previous work for the extraction and concentration of methadone and codeine in distinct real samples. These methods include solid-phase extraction (SPE), 1 dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME), 25 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 11,19 air-assisted emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-AAELLME), 12 ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (UA-DLLME), 26 homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME), 27 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), 28 solvent bar microextraction (SBME) 29 and electromembrane extraction (EME).…”
Section: Optimization Of New Sample Preparation Technique For the Detmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These should be less time-consuming than the extraction methods from human fluids with high recovery yields and accurate analytical methods. 14,24 Various sample preparation techniques have been developed in previous work for the extraction and concentration of methadone and codeine in distinct real samples. These methods include solid-phase extraction (SPE), 1 dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME), 25 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 11,19 air-assisted emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-AAELLME), 12 ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (UA-DLLME), 26 homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME), 27 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), 28 solvent bar microextraction (SBME) 29 and electromembrane extraction (EME).…”
Section: Optimization Of New Sample Preparation Technique For the Detmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11,12 The opiate alkaloid codeine (3-methyl morphine; COD) is extracted from poppy flowers and is produced from morphine by a methylation reaction, 13 which is extensively used as a cough and pain reliever. 14 COD is an inactive drug yet, by the liver enzyme (CYP2D6) can be demethylated to active morphine, which is considered fatal for its excessive intake and can be addictive for long-term use. The drug spreads throughout the body by its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and then spreading through intravascular gaps to the body tissues with privilege uptake in liver, spleen, and kidney.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several methods have been developed to detect UA, such as spectrophoto‐metric method, surface plasmon resonance, capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical methods. Among them, electrochemical methods of analysis have shown to be accurate, sensitive and cost‐effective so that it will be adopted by the present study. Here, we demonstrate a facile electrochemical approach which can directly deposit covalent bonded Graphene/Neutral Red composite on GCE surface in one step.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, they are limited by the low cyclability due to the structural degradation of the electrodes during the faradaic reactions. 6 To this end, carbonaceous materials loaded with metal oxides or polymers are widely investigated as alternatives, [7][8][9] including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbons (AC), graphite, graphene oxide, and graphene. These materials have been actively used due to their advantages, including ease of fabrication and workability under a wide temperature range.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%