Optimization of New Sample Preparation Technique for the Determination of Methadone and Codeine in Plasma Sample by GC-FID

Abstract

A continuous sample drop flow microextraction (CSDF-ME) technique was modified for the pretreatment of plasma samples in the determination of methadone and codeine. The limit of detection and linear range for methadone were 15.0 µg L −1 and 0.1-10.0 mg L −1 , respectively. The detection limit and linear range for codeine were 25.0 µg L −1 and 0.2-15.0 mg L −1 , respectively. The extraction recoveries were 41.6-52.1%, and the enrichment factors ranged from 65 to 80 for codeine and methadone, respectively. Intra-and interday precisions of the technique were calculated for codeine and methadone concentrations of 0.4 mg L −1 and were 4.2-7.6% and 2.5-5.1%, respectively. Also, the accuracy (error%) of method was in the range −10 to +7.5%. The applicability of the CSDF-ME-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique was illustrated by the determination of the mentioned drugs in human plasma. The attained relative recoveries of methadone and codeine in the 90.0-107.5% range demonstrated the excellent capability of the optimized technique for the microextraction of the mentioned drugs from plasma. The CSDF-ME-GC-FID is a rapid, repeatable and very simple technique that requires a low sample amount.

Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices

“…This rapid and automatable method is a potential tool for routine quantification of BUP and its metabolites. Nevertheless, the most commonly employed sample pretreatment for the monitoring of BUP, MTD and their metabolites in biological matrices are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [18][19][20][21][22][23]26,40,47,49,50,[52][53][54]56,60,61,63,65,68,69,71,74,76,77,80,[88][89][90][91][92] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [7,24,28,38,41,[43][44][45][46]48,55,68,72,73,75,[93][94][95]. The major benefits of LLE are its simplicity a...…”

“…Different biological specimens including urine [7,, plasma [13,20,21,35,38,40,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], serum [30,[56][57][58][59], blood [15,18,22,49,[60][61][62][63], nails [64], oral fluid [17,31,55,[65][66][67][68][69], hair [47,[70][71][72], tissue [73,74] and exhaled breath condensate [75,76] have been used for the measurement of BUP, MTD and their metabo...…”