3D Reticular Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

In this study, a hard-templating route was developed to synthesize a 3D reticular LiNiMnO cathode material using ordered mesoporous silica as the hard template. The synthesized 3D reticular LiNiMnO microparticles consisted of two interlaced 3D nanonetworks and a mesopore channel system. When used as the cathode material in a lithium-ion battery, the as-synthesized 3D reticular LiNiMnO exhibited remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance, namely, superior rate capability and better cycling stability than those of its bulk counterpart. Specifically, a high discharge capacity of 195.6 mA h g at 1 C with 95.6% capacity retention after 50 cycles was achieved with the 3D reticular LiNiMnO. A high discharge capacity of 135.7 mA h g even at a high current of 1000 mA g was also obtained. This excellent electrochemical performance of the 3D reticular LiNiMnO is attributed to its designed structure, which provided nanoscale lithium pathways, large specific surface area, good thermal and mechanical stability, and easy access to the material center.

Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of Li- and Mn-Rich Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Hollow Nano/Sub-Microsphere Electrodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery

“…The first charging profiles were in good agreement with those of other reported Li- and Mn-rich LMNCO cathodes. 9,11−13,45−47 All the samples exhibited two plateau regions in the first charging profiles: first plateau is up to 4.5 V, and the second plateau is between 4.5 and 4.8 V. It is generally accepted that Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 Ni 0.13 O 2 electrodes are charged in two steps with different mechanisms during the initial charging process. This behavior can be explained as follows.…”

“…The first cycle discharge capacity is higher than that from the next consequent cycles owing to the fact that the electrochemical behavior of the Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 Ni 0.13 O 2 electrode is getting stabilized and it exercises non-electrochemical processes at ≤3.0 V; thus, lowered capacity retention than in the first cycles was observed. All the LMNCO electrode materials revealed the large irreversible capacity loss (Table S2) mainly due to the elimination of the oxygen ion vacancies and the lithium ion sites as well as side reactions with the electrolyte at the high operating voltage over 4.5 V. 9,11−13,35,45−47 Interestingly, all the LMNCO electrode materials showed remarkably higher charge/discharge capacities than the other reported conventional cathode materials (e.g., LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , and LiMn 2 O 4 ), 48−50 which is an important characteristic property of high-energy-density LMNCO hollow nano/sub-microsphere electrodes. The discharge capacity retention values of LMNCO-800, LMNCO-900, LMNCO-950, and LMNCO-1000 electrodes after 50 cycles were 81, 80, 87, and 85%, respectively, which are best among the previous reports, shown in Table 2.…”

Multiscale factors in designing alkali-ion (Li, Na, and K) transition metal inorganic compounds for next-generation rechargeable batteries

“…[Strategy (ii, iv)] 3D reticular structure can also promote electrochemical performance of Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 because of nano-sized 3D network and meso-pore channels (Fig. 29d) according to Li et al 370 This structure is related with strategy (ii) and (v).…”

“…into hierarchical quasi-sphere, 368 (b) secondary particle composed of flake-shaped large primary particles, 338 (c) microsphere structure with partially activated primary nano-cube particles, 369 (d) 3D reticular morphology with synthesizing route. 370 (e) SEM image of pristine macroporous LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , 371 and (f) schematic illustration of synthesizing hierarchically structured nano-plate LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 . 372 Reproduced from Refs.…”

Multistage Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 Micro‐architecture towards High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Early works have focused on morphological control of reducing particles size to nanoscale to short the lithium‐ion diffusion to improve the poor rate capability . Moreover, A myriad of efforts have been devoted to surface modification with limited success in enhancing long term cell retention . Design hierarchical secondary microstructures consisting of the primary nanoparticle is another effective approach to improve the poor rate capability and cycling life issue .…”