3D printing of the choroidal vessels and tumours based on optical coherence tomography

Maloca, Peter; Tufail, Adnan; Hasler, Pascal W.; Rothenbuehler, S. P.; Egan, Catherine; Carvalho, J. Emanuel Ramos de; Spaide, Richard F.

doi:10.1111/aos.13637

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such printable models are based on a simplification of the natural tissue structure by the use of polygons to reduce the calculation requirements and, thus, make it printable. 19 Typically, these renderings represent a geometric approximation of an object and are therefore incomplete as only the sides of the objects seen by the observer are rendered. While these polygon-based representations of tissue can be a useful, detailed presentation and clinical relevance may still be constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Virtual Reality Volume Rendering of Original Optical Coherence Tomography Point-Cloud Data Enhanced With Real-Time Ray Casting

Maloca

Carvalho

Heeren

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeFeasibility testing of a novel volume renders technology to display optical coherence tomography data (OCT) in a virtual reality (VR) environment.MethodsA VR program was written in C++/OpenGL to import and display volumetric OCT data in real time with 180 frames per second using a high-end computer and a tethered head-mounted display. Following exposure, participants completed a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) to assess for nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor disturbances. A user evaluation study of this software was conducted to explore the potential utility of this application.ResultsFifty-seven subjects completed the user testing (34 males and 23 females). Mean age was 48.5 years (range, 21–77 years). Mean acquired work experience of the 35 ophthalmologists (61.40%) included in the group was 15.46 years (range, 1–37 years). Twenty-nine participants were VR-naïve. The SSQ showed a mean total score of 5.8 (SD = 9.44) indicating that the system was well tolerated and produced minimal side effects. No difference was reported between VR-naïve participants and experienced users. Overall, immersed subjects reported an enjoyable VR-OCT presence effect.ConclusionsA usable and satisfying VR imaging technique was developed to display and interact with original OCT data.Translational RelevanceAn advanced high-end VR image display method was successfully developed to provide new views and interactions in an ultra high-speed projected digital scenery using point-cloud OCT data. This represents the next generation of OCT image display technology and a new tool for patient engagement, medical education, professional training, and telecommunications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Virtual Reality Volume Rendering of Original Optical Coherence Tomography Point-Cloud Data Enhanced With Real-Time Ray Casting

Maloca

Carvalho

Heeren

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

Self Cite

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“…The clarity and detail achieved using the automated segmentation method described here shows that the technology outperforms previously reported automated procedures, 32 , 33 and generates results that are comparable to those achieved by manual segmentation. 37 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Choroidal Disease With Deep Learning-Based Image Enhancement and Volumetric Quantification of Optical Coherence Tomography

Maruyama

Mei²,

Sakaguchi

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify choroidal vessels (CVs) in pathological eyes in three dimensions (3D) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a deep-learning analysis. Methods A single-center retrospective study including 34 eyes of 34 patients (7 women and 27 men) with treatment-naïve central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and 33 eyes of 17 patients (7 women and 10 men) with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) or sympathetic ophthalmitis (SO) were imaged consecutively between October 2012 and May 2019 with a swept source OCT. Seventy-seven eyes of 39 age-matched volunteers (26 women and 13 men) with no sign of ocular pathology were imaged for comparison. Deep-learning-based image enhancement pipeline enabled CV segmentation and visualization in 3D, after which quantitative vessel volume maps were acquired to compare normal and diseased eyes and to track the clinical course of eyes in the disease group. Region-based vessel volumes and vessel indices were utilized for disease diagnosis. Results OCT-based CV volume maps disclose regional CV changes in patients with CSC, VKH, or SO. Three metrics, (i) choroidal volume, (ii) CV volume, and (iii) CV index, exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating pathological choroids from healthy ones. Conclusions The deep-learning analysis of OCT images described here provides a 3D visualization of the choroid, and allows quantification of features in the datasets to identify choroidal disease and distinguish between different diseases. Translational Relevance This novel analysis can be applied retrospectively to existing OCT datasets, and it represents a significant advance toward the automated diagnosis of choroidal pathologies based on observations and quantifications of the vasculature.

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“…A 3D-printed representation of an OCT scan has been used to show where to start a membrane peel in a patient with an epiretinal membrane [ 53 ]. 3D models of OCT-angiography scans can be useful for studying retinal vasculature and choroidal tumors; with further iteration and lower cost, it may become a useful diagnostic tool in diseases such as inflammatory or infiltrative choroidal pathologies [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing in Eye Care

2021

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Three-dimensional printing enables precise modeling of anatomical structures and has been employed in a broad range of applications across medicine. Its earliest use in eye care included orbital models for training and surgical planning, which have subsequently enabled the design of custom-fit prostheses in oculoplastic surgery. It has evolved to include the production of surgical instruments, diagnostic tools, spectacles, and devices for delivery of drug and radiation therapy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased demand for personal protective equipment and supply chain shortages inspired many institutions to 3D-print their own eye protection. Cataract surgery, the most common procedure performed worldwide, may someday make use of custom-printed intraocular lenses. Perhaps its most alluring potential resides in the possibility of printing tissues at a cellular level to address unmet needs in the world of corneal and retinal diseases. Early models toward this end have shown promise for engineering tissues which, while not quite ready for transplantation, can serve as a useful model for in vitro disease and therapeutic research. As more institutions incorporate in-house or outsourced 3D printing for research models and clinical care, ethical and regulatory concerns will become a greater consideration. This report highlights the uses of 3D printing in eye care by subspecialty and clinical modality, with an aim to provide a useful entry point for anyone seeking to engage with the technology in their area of interest.

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3D printing of the choroidal vessels and tumours based on optical coherence tomography

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

High-Performance Virtual Reality Volume Rendering of Original Optical Coherence Tomography Point-Cloud Data Enhanced With Real-Time Ray Casting

High-Performance Virtual Reality Volume Rendering of Original Optical Coherence Tomography Point-Cloud Data Enhanced With Real-Time Ray Casting

Diagnosis of Choroidal Disease With Deep Learning-Based Image Enhancement and Volumetric Quantification of Optical Coherence Tomography

3D Printing in Eye Care

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