3D printing of inorganic nanomaterials by photochemically bonding colloidal nanocrystals

Li, Fu; Liu, Shao-Feng; Liu, Wangyu; Hou, Zheng-Wei; Jiang, Jiaxi; Fu, Zhong; Wang, Song; Si, Yilong; Lu, Shaoyong; Zhou, Hongwei; Liu, Dan; Tian, Xiaoli; Qiu, Hengwei; Yang, Yuchen; Li, Zhengcao; Li, Xiaoyan; Lin, Linhan; Sun, Hong-Bo; Zhang, Hao; Li, Jinghong

doi:10.1126/science.adg6681

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The printed ink was well aligned horizontally, and patterning occurred as predetermined, confirming the desired configuration (figure 4(h-ii)) [147]. 3D printing of nanomaterial dispersions requires the sensitive selection of appropriate nanomaterials based on the objective and the determination of printing techniques according to the type of nanomaterials [148][149][150].…”

Section: Direct Patterning Of Solution-processed Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system

Song,

Cho,

Cho

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world, replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli. To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world, it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity, purify them for desired functions, and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques. A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system. This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems, covering material processing to device integrations. We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials. We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including i) evaporation-based assembly, ii) assisted assembly, and iii) direct patterning. We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision, olfaction, gustation, hearing, and tactile perception. Finally, we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability, device consistency, and integration with AI-based software.

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Section: Direct Patterning Of Solution-processed Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system

Song,

Cho,

Cho

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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“…An additional advantage of upconversion patterning of UCNPs is that the same optical setup and NIR laser can be used for both patterning and upconversion microscopy. Compared to two-photon lithography, photon upconversion has been shown to require significantly lower laser powers for 3D stereolithography . However, current approaches are lacking in terms of pattern resolution (typically hundreds of micrometers), − often due to the use of large (>50 nm) UCNPs that are sparsely dispersed within a liquid of cross-linkable monomers.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligand-Assisted Direct Lithography of Upconverting and Avalanching Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Photonics

Pan,

Skripka,

Lee

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit unique nonlinear optical properties that can be harnessed in microscopy, sensing, and photonics. However, forming highresolution nano-and micropatterns of UCNPs with large packing fractions is still challenging. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how nanoparticle patterning chemistries are affected by the particle size. Here, we explore direct patterning chemistries for 6−18 nm Tm 3+ -, Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ -, and Yb 3+ /Er 3+ -based UCNPs using ligands that form either new ionic linkages or covalent bonds between UCNPs under ultraviolet (UV), electronbeam (e-beam), and near-infrared (NIR) exposure. We study the effect of UCNP size on these patterning approaches and find that 6 nm UCNPs can be patterned with compact ionic-based ligands. In contrast, patterning larger UCNPs requires long-chain, cross-linkable ligands that provide sufficient interparticle spacing to prevent irreversible aggregation upon film casting. Compared to approaches that use a cross-linkable liquid monomer, our patterning method limits the cross-linking reaction to the ligands bound on UCNPs deposited as a thin film. This highly localized photo-/electroninitiated chemistry enables the fabrication of densely packed UCNP patterns with high resolutions (∼1 μm with UV and NIR exposure; <100 nm with e-beam). Our upconversion NIR lithography approach demonstrates the potential to use inexpensive continuous-wave lasers for high-resolution 2D and 3D lithography of colloidal materials. The deposited UCNP patterns retain their upconverting, avalanching, and photoswitching behaviors, which can be exploited in patterned optical devices for next-generation UCNP applications.

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“…Furthermore, the fabrication of desired materials for intricate 3D structures using TPL holds immense promise for enhancing imaging performance and creating complex optical systems [226][227][228][229]. For instance, the integration of metals or metal alloy mounts can facilitate the incorporation of optical elements [230], leading to improved imaging contrast and enabling mirror reflections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Wang,

Pan,

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from X-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g., alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in materials, fabrication, and design, we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.

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3D printing of inorganic nanomaterials by photochemically bonding colloidal nanocrystals

Cited by 39 publications

References 93 publications

Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system

Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system

Ligand-Assisted Direct Lithography of Upconverting and Avalanching Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Photonics

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

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