3D Printing of BaTiO₃/PVDF Composites with Electric In Situ Poling for Pressure Sensor Applications

Abstract

This paper presents 3D printing of piezoelectric sensors using BaTiO3 (BTO) filler in a poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) matrix through electric in situ poling during the 3D printing process. Several conventional methods require complicated and time‐consuming procedures. Recently developed electric poling‐assisted additive manufacturing (EPAM) process paves the way for printing of piezoelectric filaments by incorporating polarizing processes that include mechanical stretching, heat press, and electric field poling simultaneously. However, this process is limited to fabrication of a single PVDF layer and quantitative material characterizations such as piezoelectric coefficient and β‐phase percentage are not investigated. In this paper, an enhanced EPAM process is proposed that applies a higher electric field during 3D printing. To further increase piezoelectric response, BTO ceramic filler is used in the PVDF matrix. It is found that a 55.91% PVDF β‐phase content is nucleated at 15 wt% of BTO. The output current and β‐phase content gradually increase as the BTO weight percentage increases. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrates that larger agglomerates are formulated as the increase of BTO filler contents and results in increase of toughness and decrease of tensile strength. The highest fatigue strength is observed at 3 wt% BTO and the fatigue strength gradually decreases as the BTO filler contents increases.

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations

“…Therefore, they are natural candidates for pressure or strain sensing. Inorganic piezoelectric materials, such as PZT, ZnO, and BaTiO 3 have been actively studied for tactile sensing due to their large piezoelectric and excellent electromechanical coupling coefficients . Researchers have demonstrated a self‐powered piezoelectric sensor based on a PZT thin film (Figure e) .…”

“…Inorganic piezoelectric materials, such as PZT, ZnO, and BaTiO 3 have been actively studied for tactile sensing due to their large piezoelectric and excellent electromechanical coupling coefficients. [84,95,96] Researchers have demonstrated a self-powered piezoelectric sensor based on a PZT thin film (Figure 7e). [84] Using an inorganic-based laser lift-off process, a PZT film was transferred onto an ultrathin PET substrate, exhibiting excellent flexibility.…”

Synthesis of carbon quantum dots to fabricate ultraviolet‐shielding poly(vinylidene fluoride) films

“…Many effective strategies, for example blending, 12 radiation grafting, 13,14 surface coating, 15 swift heavy ion irradiation, 16 surface depositing, and three-dimensional printing, have been applied to modify the PVDF material. 17,18 Many researchers have reported modified PVDF films with antifouling, pH responsive, wetting resistance, piezoelectric, and hydrophilic performance. 16,19,20 To yield some new characteristics, many studies are still ongoing.…”

Improved Electret Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Lithium Niobate Nanocomposites for Applications in Air Filters

“…materials such as wax, rosin, and resin; ceramics such as perovskite, barium titanate (BaTiO 3 , BT), lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 , LN), and lead zirconium titanate (PZT); and polymers such as polypropylene (PP), nylon (PA), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Electrets have been used in many fields such as power generation, electrostatic cloaks, and energy harvesting. [16][17][18][19] Concerning their application in air filters, Ma et al checked the performance of portable air cleaners with various electrets.…”