3D-printing enabled micro-assembly of a microfluidic electroporation system for 3D tissue engineering

Abstract

The LEGO® concept is used to build 3D microchannel networks as a 3D μ-electrotransfection system for efficient exchange of nutrition and waste allowing 3D cell growth, while sustaining uniform 3D electric fields during cellular transfection.

Advances in 3D peptide hydrogel models in cancer research

“…One group demonstrated that DNA was successfully transiently transfected into HeLa (CCL-2) cells through the cell membrane without affecting cell viability and transfection efficiency. Therefore, this advanced microassembly model shows the potential of the PGmatrix for use in microfluidic electroporation systems for tissue engineering 48 .…”

“…The 3D model illustrated in Fig. 1 can also be constructed with multiple chambers 47 , 48 or easily allows coculture of multiple types of cells from different organs or culture in combination with stem cells or immune cells (i.e., macrophages). Furthermore, various detoxification enzymes can be easily added alone or in combination with food complexes into the 3D model system at designed time points to observe the efficacy and kinetics of any bioactive food compound.…”

“…It was also demonstrated by DNA sequencing analysis that compared to the in vivo conditions, the 3D PGmatrix did not affect the genomic information relayed by secreted EVs in terms of culture and growth conditions, showing the potential of 3D PGmatrix for replacing in vivo studies of cancer phenotyping and drug testing 14 . PGmatrix was also reported to be applied via 3D printing to a lab-on-chip model, which allows DNA electroporation 48 . One group demonstrated that DNA was successfully transiently transfected into HeLa (CCL-2) cells through the cell membrane without affecting cell viability and transfection efficiency.…”

3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds: a focus on vascular regeneration

“…But simulation of vascular microenvironments is improper by this simple strategy. Microchannels with electro-transfection function were fabricated by Zhu et al to simulate the microenvironments [ 152 ]. First, a mold for basic models was prepared by stereolithography.…”

“…polyethylene glycol + 60% wt. polyethylene (glycol) diacrylate Synthetic material Polycaprolactone + gelatin 15% w/v polycaprolactone + 20% w/v gelatin [ 145 ] Lego-like construction and extrusion and FDM and casting Bioinks excluding cells (alginate hydrogel for extrusion); biomaterial inks (maltitol for FDM) 3% w/v sodium alginate; fused maltitol Natural material (sodium alginate); synthetic material (maltitol) PDMS PDMS prepared by mixing the base and curing agents at 10:1 (w/w) ratio [ 151 ] Lego-like construction and stereolithography (DLP) Biomaterial inks (GelMA + ceramic) 7-9% w/v GelMA + ceramic with high density (97%) Compositive material N/A N/A [ 149 ] Lego-like construction and stereolithography (DLP) and casting Biomaterial inks (a clear resin consists of triethylene glycol diacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate) A resin with a component concentration described in the product information Compositive material Gold and PDMS 20 nm thick gold + PDMS with a 10:1 ratio of base to curing agent [ 152 ] Lego-like construction and stereolithography (SLA) Biomaterial inks (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate + poly(acrylic acid)) 10% w/v poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate + 5% w/v poly(acrylic acid) Compositive material N/A N/A [ 150 ] …”