3D Printed Wesselsite Nanosheets Functionalized Scaffold Facilitates NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy and Vascularized Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Various bifunctional scaffolds have recently been developed to address the reconstruction of tumor-initiated bone defects. Such scaffolds are usually composed of a near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion agent and a conventional bone scaffold for photothermal therapy (PTT) and long-term bone regeneration. However, the reported photothermal conversion agents are mainly restricted to the first biological window (NIR-I) with intrinsic poor tissue penetration depth. Also, most of these agents are non-bioactive materials, which induced potential systemic side toxicity after implantation. Herein, a NIR-II photothermal conversion agent (Wesselsite [SrCuSi 4 O 10 ] nanosheets, SC NSs) with tremendous osteogenic and angiogenic bioactivity, is rationally integrated with polycaprolactone (PCL) via 3D printing. The as-designed 3D composite scaffolds not only trigger osteosarcoma ablation through NIR-II light generated extensive hyperthermia, but also promote in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively, and the ultimate enhancement of vascularized bone regeneration in vivo owing to the controlled and sustained release of bioactive ions (Sr, Cu, and Si). The authors' study provides a new avenue to prepare multifunctional bone scaffolds based on therapeutic bioceramics for repairing tumor-induced bone defects.

Bioactive NIR‐II Light‐Responsive Shape Memory Composite Based on Cuprorivaite Nanosheets for Endometrial Regeneration

“…These results are in consistence with previous studies as Si‐contained or Cu‐contained biomaterials could stimulate in vivo angiogenesis due to the sustained release of bioactive Si and Cu ions, respectively. [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 23 ] More interestingly, it has been reported that VEGF could lead to downstream activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, which play a vital role in several cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. [ 24 ] In the present study, the VEGF expression was decreased after the establishment of injured endometrium and recovered after treatment with 2‐CUP/PT (Figure 6g,h ).…”

“…[ 13 ] Recently, “Egyptian Blue Family” (XCuSi 4 O 10 , X represents Ca, Sr or Ba) has been exfoliated into nanosheets (NSs) due to their inherent layered structures, and the exfoliated NSs exhibited excellent photothermal‐conversion efficiency in both NIR‐I and NIR‐II region. [ 14 ] More interestingly, these NSs are biodegradable and the bioactive Cu and Si ions could be sustainably released, which are powerful elements for stimulating new blood vessel formation. [ 12 , 14 , 15 ] Since vascularization plays vital role in endometrial regeneration, XCuSi 4 O 10 NSs‐based shape memory composite might be able to promote endometrial regeneration.…”

“…[ 14 ] More interestingly, these NSs are biodegradable and the bioactive Cu and Si ions could be sustainably released, which are powerful elements for stimulating new blood vessel formation. [ 12 , 14 , 15 ] Since vascularization plays vital role in endometrial regeneration, XCuSi 4 O 10 NSs‐based shape memory composite might be able to promote endometrial regeneration. Overall, XCuSi 4 O 10 NSs‐based shape memory composite might be an alternative candidate for IUA treatment, which not only served as an NIR‐II light triggered antiadhesion barrier, but also simultaneously acted as a bioactive material for stimulating endometrial regeneration.…”

Biomimicking design of artificial periosteum for promoting bone healing

“…The smart design of anti-bacteria and bioactive artificial periosteum is highly desirable to achieve success in bone implantation prone to infection. Moreover, for bone defects originating from malignant bone tumor resection, it is necessary for the engineered periosteum to eliminate the remaining tumor cells and to improve bone regeneration [ 156 ]. Therefore, multifunctional artificial periosteum with antitumor therapeutic capacity should also be developed in future studies.…”

Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review

“…This type of bioprinting material is known to have higher regenerative potential than conventional commercial hydrogels [ 82 , 83 ]. Crucially, the capacity of 3D bioprinting of hydrogel-based bio-inks has been demonstrated in the regeneration of several types of damaged tissues, including heart [ 84 ], cartilage [ 50 , 63 , 66 , 78 ], bone [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], muscle [ 81 , 89 , 90 ], kidney [ 29 , 89 ], skin [ 30 , 49 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], blood vessels [ 53 , 93 , 94 ], adipose tissue [ 95 , 96 ], intestinal tissue [ 97 ], liver [ 98 ], trachea graft [ 37 ], breast tissue [ 99 ], ocular tissue [ 100 ] and other engineered biological tissues [ 101 , 102 ].…”