3D printed self-adhesive PEGDA–PAA hydrogels as modular components for soft actuators and microfluidics

Valentin, Thomas; DuBois, Eric M.; Machnicki, C.E.; Bhaskar, Dhananjay; Cui, Francis; Wong, Ian Y.

doi:10.1039/c9py00211a

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…We have been trying to synthesize the gels with high mechanical properties using conventional addition reactions of generic chemicals and solvents. Various hydrogels with high mechanical properties have been developed by polymerization of functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The hydrogels with PEG moiety are expected to be applied as a biomaterial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Network Polymers by Means of Addition Reactions of Multifunctional-Amine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether or Diacrylate Compounds

et al. 2020

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Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young’s modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young’s modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Network Polymers by Means of Addition Reactions of Multifunctional-Amine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether or Diacrylate Compounds

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, recent researches focus on the “LEGO”‐like building blocks with internal channels and external mechanical connectors that can be stacked into complex microfluidic device . Valentin et al demonstrated light‐directed 3D printing of double network hydrogels, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate‐polyacrylic acid (PEGDA‐PAA), as building blocks for stackable microfluidic devices, which also solves the problem of cytocompatibility of the 3D printed microchannels ( Figure ).…”

Section: Development Of Microfluidic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Microfluidic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Functions

Geng

Ling

Huang

et al. 2020

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microfluidic system with multiphase flow to intensify heterogeneous reactions, pre pare multiphase emulsions, and fabricate anisotropic functional materials.In a word, with its great advances in last several decades, multiphase flows in microfluidic system have shown numerous advantages, like fastening heat and mass transfer, reducing energy con sumption, improving productivity and purity, etc. Fortunately, because of the recent development and commercialization of micromachining technologies, microflu idic chips gradually moved from laboratory stage to practical application stage. There are also several comprehensive and accu rate Reviews that summarize the research on structural design, [9] system regulation, [10] and applications [11] of microfluidic technology. However, fewer articles focused on the latest technologies and achievements in the field of the multiphase flow control and its applications. In this Review, we aim to give a preliminary guidance for researchers with dif ferent backgrounds on the formation mechanisms, fabrication methods, and potential applications of multiphase microfluidics within different systems. We firstly presented the evolution of microfluidic device manufacture, followed by the mechanism and regulation methods of multiphase flow in microfluidic devices. Then the application of both single and double multi phase emulsions in industrial process optimization and new material preparation were described in details. By comparing the mechanism of manufacturing single droplets, microbub bles, liquid-liquid-liquid emulsions, and gas-liquid-liquid emulsions from various perspectives, researchers could obtain their first glance in the overall field of multiphase microfluidics and choose the system of manufacturing particles or materials with specific function that is most suitable for their application. At the end, we also introduced some lastly emerging tech nologies, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and machine deep learning, combined with microfluidic tech nology, illustrating the huge potential for diverse applications of the latter. Development of Microfluidic DevicesThe recent progress in micromachining has broadened the selec tion of manufacturing technologies and materials for researchers and engineers to design complex and delicate microstructure that generates and manipulates multiphase flow. Generally, the most common fabrication methods of microfluidic devices can be Multiphase microfluidics enables an alternative approach with many possibilities in studying, analyzing, and manufacturing functional materials due to its numerous benefits over macroscale methods, such as its ultimate controllability, stability, heat and mass transfer capacity, etc. In addition to its immense potential in biomedical applications, multiphase microfluidics also offers new opportunities in various industrial practices including extraction, catalysis loading, and fabrication of ultralight materials. Herein, aiming to give preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds, ...

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“…For this purpose, 96- and 24-wells-like polymeric parts were fabricated and tested. As acrylate monomers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) [ 31 , 32 ], 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) [ 33 , 34 ], and bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BEDA) [ 35 , 36 ] were employed; as a photoinitiator, a phosphine oxide-based compound (BAPO) was selected. This photoinitiator is widely employed in SL or DLP 3D printing [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] but it is not considered biocompatible, unlike other photoinitiators such as Lithium phenyl–2,4,6–trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Testing for the Development of Biocompatible Devices through Vat-Polymerization 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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Light-based 3D printing techniques could be a valuable instrument in the development of customized and affordable biomedical devices, basically for high precision and high flexibility in terms of materials of these technologies. However, more studies related to the biocompatibility of the printed objects are required to expand the use of these techniques in the health sector. In this work, 3D printed polymeric parts are produced in lab conditions using a commercial Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer and then successfully tested to fabricate components suitable for biological studies. For this purpose, different 3D printable formulations based on commercially available resins are compared. The biocompatibility of the 3D printed objects toward A549 cell line is investigated by adjusting the composition of the resins and optimizing post-printing protocols; those include washing in common solvents and UV post-curing treatments for removing unreacted and cytotoxic products. It is noteworthy that not only the selection of suitable materials but also the development of an adequate post-printing protocol is necessary for the development of biocompatible devices.

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3D printed self-adhesive PEGDA–PAA hydrogels as modular components for soft actuators and microfluidics

Abstract: Hydrogel building blocks that are stimuli-responsive and self-adhesive could be utilized as a simple “do-it-yourself” construction set for soft machines and microfluidic devices.

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Synthesis of Network Polymers by Means of Addition Reactions of Multifunctional-Amine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether or Diacrylate Compounds

Synthesis of Network Polymers by Means of Addition Reactions of Multifunctional-Amine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether or Diacrylate Compounds

Multiphase Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Functions

Materials Testing for the Development of Biocompatible Devices through Vat-Polymerization 3D Printing

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