3D printed poly(lactic acid) composites with grafted cellulose nanofibers: Effect of nanofiber and post-fabrication annealing treatment on composite flexural properties

Dong, Jingyan; Mei, Changtong; Han, Jingquan; Lee, Sun Young; Wu, Qinglin

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.06.004

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While crystallinity occurs within the polymer, the bonds between the matrix and filler are also improved [ 247 , 248 ]. Bhandari et al [ 249 ] observed that annealing could improve the interlayer tensile strength of short CF reinforced PLA and PETG printed composites.…”

Section: Treatment Methods To Overcome or Minimize The Defects In mentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided by this review.

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Section: Treatment Methods To Overcome or Minimize The Defects In mentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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“…Liu et al programmed samples from PLA and SiC/C/PLA into bent shapes or stretched them at a temperature of 90 • C and measured recovery at the same temperature, finding approximately 100% shape recovery [30]. Similarly, Dong et al deformed three-point bending samples of PLA and PLA-grafted cellulose nanofibers above their glass transition temperature and found no difference between the recovery rates of these materials [31]. Liu et al investigated a special textile-inspired structure in three-point bending tests; however, recovery tests were again performed after bending at higher temperatures [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infill Designs for 3D-Printed Shape-Memory Objects

Koske

Ehrmann

2021

Technologies

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Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can be deformed, cooled down, keeping their new shape for a long time, and recovered into their original shape after being heated above the glass or melting temperature again. Some SMPs, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), can be 3D printed, enabling a combination of 3D-printed shapes and 2D-printed, 3D-deformed ones. While deformation at high temperatures can be used, e.g., to fit orthoses to patients, SMPs used in protective equipment, bumpers, etc., are deformed at low temperatures, possibly causing irreversible breaks. Here, we compare different typical infill patterns, offered by common slicing software, with self-designed infill structures. Three-point bending tests were performed until maximum deflection as well as until the maximum force was reached, and then the samples were recovered in a warm water bath and tested again. The results show a severe influence of the infill pattern as well as the printing orientation on the amount of broken bonds and thus the mechanical properties after up to ten test/recovery cycles.

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“…The crystallinity of the printed part can be enhanced up to 200% through post processing if compared to neat polymer matrix, which will enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the sample [ 89 ]. Another study on the 3D-printed product proved that the incorporation of grafted CNF with post-processing by annealing improved the static flexural modulus of the printed product by 151.94 times at 70% for 3% composite compared to the neat PLA without annealing [ 94 ]. Chemical post-processing can also be considered to reinforce the commercial polymer, as impregnation of CNC in methacrylate resin on an ABS printed sample was able to enhance the mechanical properties of the printed part [ 95 ].…”

Section: Cellulose-based Polymers In 3d Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review of Recent Approaches

et al. 2020

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The materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technology have grown substantially over the last few years to fulfill industrial needs. Despite that, the use of bio-based composites for improved mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. This limits the universal expansion of AM-fabricated products due to the incompatibility of the products made from petroleum-derived resources. The development of naturally-derived polymers for AM materials is promising with the increasing number of studies in recent years owing to their biodegradation and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer that possesses many favorable properties to be incorporated into AM materials, which have been continuously focused on in recent years. This critical review discusses the development of AM technologies and materials, cellulose-based polymers, cellulose-based three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments, liquid deposition modeling of cellulose, and four-dimensional (4D) printing of cellulose-based materials. Cellulose-based AM material applications and the limitations with future developments are also reviewed.

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3D printed poly(lactic acid) composites with grafted cellulose nanofibers: Effect of nanofiber and post-fabrication annealing treatment on composite flexural properties

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

Infill Designs for 3D-Printed Shape-Memory Objects

Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review of Recent Approaches

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