3D printed low-loss THz waveguide based on Kagome photonic crystal structure

Yang, Jing; Zhao, Jiayu; Gong, Cheng; Tian, Haolin; Sun, Lu; Chen, Pïng; Lin, Lie; Liu, Weiwei

doi:10.1364/oe.24.022454

Cited by 97 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 19 shows variation of index contrast with footprint for few material platforms. THZ Kagome-lattice hollow-core silicon photonic crystal slab-based waveguide $0:875 dB/cm [129] ($400 μm). Table 1.…”

Section: Augmented Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Optical Waveguides

Selvaraja¹,

Sethi²

2018

Emerging Waveguide Technology

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Optical devices are necessary to meet the anticipated future requirements for ultrafast and ultrahigh bandwidth communication and computing. All optical information processing can overcome optoelectronic conversions that limit both the speed and bandwidth and are also power consuming. The building block of an optical device/circuit is the optical waveguide, which enables low-loss light propagation and is thereby used to connect components and devices. This chapter reviews optical waveguides and their classification on the basis of geometry (Non-Planar (Slab/Optical Fiber)/Planar (Buried Channel, Strip-Loaded, Wire, Rib, Diffused, Slot, etc.)), refractive index (Step/Gradient Index), mode propagation (Single/Multimode), and material platform (Glass/Polymer/Semiconductor, etc.). A comparative analysis of waveguides realized in different material platforms along with the propagation loss is also presented.

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Section: Augmented Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Optical Waveguides

Selvaraja¹,

Sethi²

2018

Emerging Waveguide Technology

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“…7 However, both complexity of fabrication and the relative lack of research in this field leaves doubts about their real potential. Dielectric THz hollow waveguides are the scaled version of their more successful optical counterpart and have been investigated in the form of Kagome structures, 10,11 simple capillaries, 12 antiresonant structures, 13 and several other variations. 8,9 Although some of these have the possibility of achieving excellent guidance, the relationship between loss and size has meant that realizations of this approach are large rigid structures that were of little practical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz orbital angular momentum modes with flexible twisted hollow core antiresonant fiber

2018

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THz radiation is more and more commonplace in research laboratories as well as in everyday life, with applications ranging from body scanners at airport security to short range wireless communications. In the optical domain, waveguides and other devices to manipulate radiation are well established. This is not yet the case in the THz regime because of the strong interaction of THz radiation with matter, leading to absorption, and the millimeter size of the wavelength and therefore of the required waveguides. We propose the use of a new material, polyurethane, for waveguides that allows high flexibility, overcoming the problem that large sizes otherwise result in rigid structures. With this material we realize antiresonant hollow-core waveguides and we use the flexibility of the material to mechanically twist the waveguide in a tunable and reversible manner, with twist periods as short as tens of wavelengths. Twisting the waveguide, we demonstrate the generation of modes carrying orbital angular momentum. We use THz time domain spectroscopy to measure and clearly visualize the vortex nature of the mode, which is difficult in the optical domain. The proposed waveguide is a new platform offering new perspectives for THz guidance and particularly mode manipulation. The demonstrated ability to generate modes with orbital angular momentum within a waveguide, in a controllable manner, will be beneficial to both fundamental, e.g. matter-radiation interaction, and applied, e.g. THz telecommunications, advances of THz research and technology. Moreover, this platform is not limited to the THz domain and could be scaled for other electromagnetic wavelengths.

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“…Using 3D printing technology, a hollow core fiber with a triangular-lattice cladding around an air cylinder was demonstrated operating near 0.105 THz with 30 dB/m propagation loss [17]. A 3D-printed kagome-lattice THz waveguide with average propagation loss of 8.7 dB/m over three antiresonance windows in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 THz has also been presented [18]. In addition, using 3D stereolithography, a hollow core Bragg fiber with propagation loss of 52.1 dB/m at 0.18 THz [19] was recently reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various fabrication techniques, such as drawing [26]- [29], extrusion [16], stacking [23], [24], [31], drilling [26]- [28], [30], molding [29], rolling [19], coating [25], and 3D printing [17], [18], have been used in the fabrication of THz microstructured fibers. As a cost-effective, fast, convenient fabrication technique, 3D printing is able to produce devices accurately with good repeatability, and hence it has attracted much attention for the fabrication of functional THz components, such as waveguides [17], [18], [38], fibers [39], lenses [40], antenna horns [41], and sensors [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a cost-effective, fast, convenient fabrication technique, 3D printing is able to produce devices accurately with good repeatability, and hence it has attracted much attention for the fabrication of functional THz components, such as waveguides [17], [18], [38], fibers [39], lenses [40], antenna horns [41], and sensors [19]. 3D printing is also ideal for the fabrication of highly porous structures, which is a challenge for other techniques, such as molding, drawing, rolling, and extrusion, owing to the deformation encountered during processing [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-Loss Asymptotically Single-Mode THz Bragg Fiber Fabricated by Digital Light Processing Rapid Prototyping

Hong

Swithenbank

Greenall

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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Abstract-In this paper, the design and measurement of a 3D-printed low-loss asymptotically single-mode hollow-core terahertz Bragg fiber is reported, operating across the frequency range from 0.246 to 0.276 THz. The HE11 mode is employed as it is the lowest loss propagating mode, with the electromagnetic field concentrated within the air core as a result of the photonic crystal bandgap behavior. The HE11 mode also has large loss discrimination compared to its main competing HE12 mode. This results in asymptotically single-mode operation of the Bragg fiber, which is verified by extensive simulations based on the actual fabricated Bragg fiber dimensions and measured material parameters. The measured average propagation loss of the Bragg fiber is lower than 5 dB/m over the frequency range from 0.246 to 0.276 THz, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the lowest loss asymptotically single-mode all-dielectric microstructured fiber yet reported in this frequency range, with a minimum loss of 3 dB/m at 0.265 THz.Index Terms-Bragg fiber, electromagnetic propagation, millimeter wave technology, photonic crystals, three-dimensional printing.

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3D printed low-loss THz waveguide based on Kagome photonic crystal structure

Cited by 97 publications

References 39 publications

Review on Optical Waveguides

Review on Optical Waveguides

Terahertz orbital angular momentum modes with flexible twisted hollow core antiresonant fiber

Low-Loss Asymptotically Single-Mode THz Bragg Fiber Fabricated by Digital Light Processing Rapid Prototyping

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