3D printed bioactive glasses porous scaffolds with high strength for the repair of long-bone segmental defects

Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application

“…This design enabled the precise loading of different types of cells in the confined channels of a specific domain, which is highly desirable for the arrangement of multicellular patterns to promote osteogenesis in a mimetic 3D environment. Moreover, the utilization of the aforementioned 3D-printing methods in the production of BGs and silicate cements has been previously documented, [435][436][437] highlighting the considerable potential of 3D-printing technology in the advancement of 3D silicate-based biomaterials.…”

Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

“…Moreover, BGMS10 and Bio-MS showed preference over 45S5 BG as they possess slower dissolution rates, permitting the occurrence of two cascades of osteogenesis during the long-term implantation. Another study conducted by Liao et al [ 14 ] investigated the fast healing of rabbits’ long bone segmental defects (radius and ulna) within 4 and 12 weeks after implanting Cu/Mg BGs. The group reported that Cu/Mg BGs appended advantages on the mechanical strength and porosity assessed in decreasing its degradation rate.…”

“…As a resultConsequently, they sustained the released ions to maintain osteogenesis. Further, Cu/Mg BGs extract encourages the function of osteoclasts concurrently with upregulating the expression of osteopontin that is diminished in the late stage of ossification[ 14 ]. Gravina et al [ 15 ] demonstrated a case report of a 27 years old male with distal forearm laceration and loss of soft tissues where the ulna fracture was damaged by pseudoarthrosis six months post-surgery.…”

“…High expression of osteocalcin protein in the areas of grafting was also observed[ 19 ]. It is important to mention that the ionic portion of bioceramics influences various osteogenic and angiogenic genes such as HIF-1α and TNF-α for bone regeneration and PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK cascades for vascularization[ 14 ]. Conversely, the porosity of the material is considered a critical characteristic which has to be controlled for inadequate nutrient delivery and determining the mechanical strain required for cellular attachment and proliferation[ 20 ].…”

Strontium-doped mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing with rapid vascularization

“…20 To enhance the bioactivity of bioglass, elements doping, in particular copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg), has been generally used. 21,22 However, the toxicity of these elements, in particular Cu, is a major concern. In addition, non-porous bioglass particles (micro-meter sized bioglass powders) have been largely used.…”