3D Printable High Performance Conducting Polymer Hydrogel for All-Hydrogel Bioelectronics

Zhou, Tao; Yuk, Hyunwoo; Hu, Faqi; Wu, Jingjing; Tian, Fajuan; Roh, Heejung; Shen, Zequn; Gu, Guoying; Xu, Jingkun; Lu, Baoyang; Zhao, Xuanhe

doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.478311

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…90−92 For instance, Zhou et al developed a bicontinuous conducting polymer hydrogel based on PE-DOT:PSS and hydrophilic polyurethane (Figure 5f). 82 The resulting hydrogel simultaneously achieves high electrical conductivity, stretchability, and tissue-like softness and is readily applicable to the advanced fabrication methods mentioned above.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2023

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Hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for flexible electronics due to their unique properties, such as high water content, softness, and biocompatibility. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the development of hydrogels for flexible electronics, with a focus on three key aspects: mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion, and conductivity. We discuss the principles of designing high-performance hydrogels and present representative examples of their potential applications in the field of flexible electronics for healthcare. Despite significant progress, several challenges remain, including improving the antifatigue capability, enhancing interfacial adhesion, and balancing water content in wet environments. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering the hydrogel–cell interactions and the dynamic properties of hydrogels in future research. Looking ahead, the future of hydrogels in flexible electronics is promising, with exciting opportunities on the horizon, but continued investment in research and development is necessary to overcome the remaining challenges.

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Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2023

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“…(f) Images of the hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces during stretching deformation and use as a bioadhesive-integrated bioelectronic interface on a rat sciatic nerve. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 The Author(s).…”

Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Most recently, we reported the tough and highly conductive bicontinuous conducting polymer hydrogels (BC−CPH). 61 In BC−CPH, the interconnected continuous electrical phase (PEDOT:PSS) provided high conductivity, and the mechanical phase (hydrophilic polyurethane) facilitated high fracture toughness, enabling simultaneous high electrical conductivity (>11 S cm −1 ) and fracture toughness (>3300 J m −2 ) of the BC−CPH with a high water content (80%) (Figure 8a−c). The BC− CPH exhibited recoverable elastic deformation over 200% strain, maintaining the bicontinuous phases (Figure 8d).…”

Section: Bioelectronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have developed conductive hydrogel materials based on conducting polymers (such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate, PEDOT:PSS) for this purpose . Most recently, we reported the tough and highly conductive bicontinuous conducting polymer hydrogels (BC–CPH) . In BC–CPH, the interconnected continuous electrical phase (PEDOT:PSS) provided high conductivity, and the mechanical phase (hydrophilic polyurethane) facilitated high fracture toughness, enabling simultaneous high electrical conductivity (>11 S cm –1 ) and fracture toughness (>3300 J m –2 ) of the BC–CPH with a high water content (80%) (Figure a–c).…”

Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Tough Hydrogels: Design, Processing, and Biomedical Applications

et al. 2022

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Hydrogels are high-water-content soft materials with widely tunable physicochemical properties, resembling soft tissues. Tremendous progress in engineering hydrogels with good biocompatibility, suitable bioactivities, and controlled geometries has made them promising candidates for broad applications. Nevertheless, conventional hydrogels usually suffer from weak mechanical properties, limiting their use in biomedical settings involving load-bearing and persistent mechanical deformations. Inspired by the extreme mechanical properties and multiscale hierarchical structures of biological tissues, mechanically robust tough hydrogels have been developed. Combining robust mechanical properties and other desired performance characteristics in functional tough hydrogels expands their opportunities in biomedical fields. This Account seeks to guide the readership regarding the recent progress in functional tough hydrogels with a focus on molecular/structural design and novel fabrications, particularly surrounding the works reported by our groups. Meanwhile, functional tough hydrogels for multiple biomedical applications are discussed, highlighting the underlying mechanisms governing their relevant applications. We begin by introducing the definition, measurements, and design principles of tough hydrogels and hydrogel adhesives in terms of soft materials mechanics.Various molecular and structural engineering approaches by building mechanical dissipation into stretchable hydrogels to realize stress homogenization or energy dissipation are exploited to fabricate tough hydrogels. Molecular engineering-based network architecture design of homogeneous hydrogels and structural engineering-based design of heterogeneous hydrogels are elaborated.The conventional energy-dissipation-based tough hydrogels are reinforced by the sacrificial bonds or components, leading to a substantial toughness reduction in subsequent loading cycles. To this end, new molecular designs, including highly entangled hydrogels and sliding-ring hydrogels, have been developed to resolve the toughness−hysteresis conflict. In addition, novel processing techniques, including salting out, freeze casting, and three-dimensional (bio)printing, are exploited to manipulate the multiscale structures and geometries for tough hydrogel fabrication. As some of the most actively studied materials in recent years, functional tough hydrogels are finding promising applications as bioadhesives/coatings, tissue-engineering scaffolds, soft robot/actuators, and bioelectronics interfaces. The development of tough bioadhesives/coatings lies in constructing strong interfacial linkages between the tough hydrogels and the underlying substrates, having broad applications in wound closure and drug delivery. Tough hydrogels have also been widely studied for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, although the conflict of mechanical robustness−cellular function restricts their practical applications. The flexible and compliant t...

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“…Historically, studies of PEDOT:PSS and its gel form focus on invasive electrophysiological sensing including the human brain. [19][20][21][22][23] In the past few years, PEDOT-based [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and other conducting polymer (CP) [31][32][33][34] composite hydrogels illustrate promising applications in noninvasive human electrophysiology in vivo. However, previous work along these lines demonstrates skin impedance comparable to the clinical standards (Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure Conducting Polymer Hydrogels Increase Signal‐to‐Noise of Cutaneous Electrodes by Lowering Skin Interface Impedance

Martinez

Floch

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Cutaneous electrodes are routinely used for noninvasive electrophysiological sensing of signals from the brain, the heart, and the neuromuscular system. These bioelectronic signals propagate as ionic charge from their sources to the skin–electrode interface where they are then sensed as electronic charge by the instrumentation. However, these signals suffer from low signal‐to‐noise ratio arising from the high impedance at the tissue‐to‐electrode contact interface. This paper reports that soft conductive polymer hydrogels made purely of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) present nearly an order of magnitude decrease in the skin–electrode contact impedance (88%, 82%, and 77% at 10, 100, and 1 kHz, respectively) when compared to clinical electrodes in an ex vivo model that isolates the bioelectrochemical features of a single skin–electrode contact. Integrating these pure soft conductive polymer blocks into an adhesive wearable sensor enables high fidelity bioelectronic signals with higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (average 2.1 dB increase, max 3.4 dB increase) when compared to clinical electrodes across all subjects. The utility of these electrodes is demonstrated in a neural interface application. The conductive polymer hydrogels enable electromyogram‐based velocity control of a robotic arm to complete a pick and place task. This work provides a basis for the characterization and use of conductive polymer hydrogels to better couple human and machine.

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3D Printable High Performance Conducting Polymer Hydrogel for All-Hydrogel Bioelectronics

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

Functional Tough Hydrogels: Design, Processing, and Biomedical Applications

Pure Conducting Polymer Hydrogels Increase Signal‐to‐Noise of Cutaneous Electrodes by Lowering Skin Interface Impedance

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