3D Printable and Biocompatible Iongels for Body Sensor Applications

Luque, Gisela C.; Picchio, Matías L.; Martins, Ana P.; Dominguez‐Alfaro, Antonio; Ramos, Nicolás; Agua, Isabel del; Marchiori, Bastien; Mecerreyes, David; Minari, Roque Javier; Tomé, Liliana C.

doi:10.1002/aelm.202100178

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25][26] As a representative example, Luque et al have recently reported 3D-printable poly(vinyl alcohol)-based iongels using cholinium-derived ionic liquids (ILs) and polyphenols as dynamic crosslinkers for long-term cutaneous electrophysiological recordings. [27] However, ILs are expensive, and their green character has often been questioned due to their poor biocompatibility and biodegradability. [28] Under this scenario, eutectogels, an emerging class of ionic materials that have just been developed very recently, offer unique opportunities for creating novel flexible bioelectronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have recently reported 3D‐printable poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based iongels using cholinium‐derived ionic liquids (ILs) and polyphenols as dynamic crosslinkers for long‐term cutaneous electrophysiological recordings. [ 27 ] However, ILs are expensive, and their green character has often been questioned due to their poor biocompatibility and biodegradability. [ 28 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Picchio

Gallastegui

Casado

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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like poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly( styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), stand out for this application due to their enhanced charge storage and coupled transport properties. [2][3][4] These functional materials are commonly used for recording physiological signals, assessing biochemical information, and electrical stimulation/ modulation. Ionic-electronic conductive hydrogels are another important family of soft conductors that have been broadly explored in healthcare technologies due to their similarities to biological tissues and tunability in terms of electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. [5] In particular, natural biopolymers-based hydrogels are attractive platforms for wearable devices as they combine inherent renewable, non-toxic features, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. [6,7] Several examples of natural biopolymers have been reported as promising building blocks in stretchable devices, including cellulose, [8][9][10] chitosan, [11][12][13] alginate, [14][15][16] silk fibroin, [17,18] and gelatin. [19][20][21] Unfortunately, these conductive hydrogels fail in long-lasting signals recording due to the continuous water evaporation in open-air sensors and bioelectrodes. At this point, ionic liquid Eutectogels are a new class of soft ion conductive materials that are attracting attention as an alternative to conventional hydrogels and costly ionic liquid gels to build wearable sensors and bioelectrodes. Herein, the first example of mixed ionic and electronic conductive eutectogels showing high adhesion, flexibility, nonvolatility, and reversible low-temperature gel transition for 3D printing manufacturing is reporting. The eutectogels consist of choline chloride/glycerol deep eutectic solvent, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): lignin sulfonate, and gelatin as the biocompatible polymer matrix. These soft materials are flexible and stretchable, show high ionic and electronic conductivities of 7.3 and 8.7 mS cm −1 , respectively, and have high adhesion energy. Due to this unique combination of properties, they could be applied as strain sensors to precisely detect physical movements. Furthermore, these soft mixed ionic electronic conductors possess excellent capacity as conformal electrodes to record epidermal physiological signals, such as electrocardiograms and electromyograms, over a long time.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101680.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Picchio

Gallastegui

Casado

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…In this context, ion gels with 3D printability play a great role in the next-generation bioelectronics devices. In [ 250 ], the authors presented biocompatible, thermoreversible (85–110 °C), and 3D printable ion gels for biomedical applications, which are processed by direct ink writing, and ion gels are prepared with taking the advantages of polyvinyl alcohol/phenol interactions to the biocompatible cholinium carboxylate ILs to gelify. The achieved ion gels were soft, stable, good flexible (ionic conductivity of 1.8 × 10 −2 S cm −1 , Young’s modulus of 14 to 70 kPa).…”

Section: Functional Materials For Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.

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“…In order to prepare sensors with a controllable structure for wearable devices, a novel method that draws support from 3D printing technology to construct complex structure morphologies has been established. 49,59,60 It is worth mentioning that the air permeability of the sensors also affects their comfort while being worn. A successful application case is to prepare a film with good air permeability by electrospinning a composite solution of a polymer and ionic fluid materials.…”

Section: Sensors and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%