Organic ionic fluid-based wearable sensors for healthcare

Abstract

Wearable sensors for healthcare, as an outgrowth of prospective medical devices, have been invested with a great deal of expectations and efforts. Encouragingly, the past decades have witnessed an increased...

Ionic skin: from imitating natural skin to beyond

“…This issue was also addressed in our previous review. 9 Recently, Zhang et al designed and fabricated a self-powered flexible Fig. 12 The structure and sensing mechanism of an artificial electroreceptor.…”

“…This issue was also addressed in our previous review. 9 Recently, Zhang et al designed and fabricated a self-powered flexible humidity sensor based on a metal-air battery for noncontact perception (Fig. 13).…”

“…Abundant ion species, such as inorganic salts, ionic liquids, dynamic ionic liquids, and ionic deep eutectic solvents, have been integrated into the soft matter. [9][10][11][12][13][14] These examples of rich and expansive ionic soft matter have also promoted the diversification of ionic skin types, which have gradually expanded from the initial ionic hydrogels to ionic organic gels. Many new academic terms have emerged in the field of ion sensing, such as "ionic conductors", "iontronics", and "ionogels".…”

Antifreezing, Adhesive, and Ultra-Stretchable Ionogel for AI-Enabled Motion Tracking and Recognition in Winter Sports

“…Hydrogels, by virtue of their conductivity, softness, and stretchability, are of profound importance in the development of electronic skins. − For example, Zeng and co-workers developed a self-healing and force-responsive hydrogel via introducing UPy into a PANI/PSS network, which can be applied to wearable devices and flexible electronic skin. Guo and co-workers designed and developed a smart bioadhesive hydrogel sealant with self-healing ability, which has a broad prospect for clinical applications. − Since the pioneering work proposed by Gong et al, double-network hydrogels have drawn increasing attention, for which they usually exhibit excellent mechanical performances.…”

Thermal Nociception of Ionic Skin: TRPV1 Ion Channel-Inspired Heat-Activated Dynamic Ionic Liquid

“…Artificial skins, as a product of the development of the Internet of Things and human–computer interaction, are under continuous development toward the ultimate imitation of natural skin properties. − Although numerous artificial skins can sense a wide range of temperatures, an active sensation system similar to human thermal nociception is rarely the focus, which requires extreme perceptual signal change to indicate the warning sign of pain . If the artificial skin can be prepared to actively sense the noxious thermal stimuli, it will be helpful to reproduce the sensory function similar to natural skin in artificial limbs and help the disabled to effectively avoid heat injury.…”