3D MXene microspheres with honeycomb architecture for tumor photothermal/photodynamic/chemo combination therapy

Abstract

The MXene combining high surface area, prominent biocompatibility, and wide near infrared (NIR) absorption has been recognized as one of the most promising materials for tumor therapy. The application of MXene in tumor therapy is negatively affected by the current design methods lack the control of size distribution and the great tendency to agglomerate as well as poor photodynamic therapy. To solve the above problems, we report a facile strategy to process Ti3C2 nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) structure with honeycomb structure and anti-aggregation properties for synergistic therapy of chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The 3D MXene is synthesized by spray drying, in which the MXene surface is oxidized to TiO2. The microspheres present prominent NIR light trigger photothermal effect and excellent NIR light photostability, which respond in an on–off manner. Moreover, the microspheres exhibit outstanding drug-loading capability of doxorubicin (DOX) as high as 87.3%, and substantial singlet oxygen generation (1O2) was shown under 808 nm laser and UV light irradiation. Our studies indicate that 3D MXene-DOX could effectively achieve Hela cells killing in vitro, which provides a multifunctional drug delivery platform as a prospective candidate for future combined cancer therapy.

MXene Quantum Dot/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanocarriers for Dual Stimulus Triggered Tumor Chemo-Phototherapy

“…The (002) and (110) peaks of MQD and the (101) and ( 200) peaks of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) (JCPDS Card No. 71-1168) can be presented in the curve of the MQD sample, which indicated that a part of MQD was oxidized to TiO2 [46]. Moreover, the peaks of After that, the zeta potentials of nanomaterials were tested.…”

Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications

“…[114] Reproduced with permission from ref. [114] Copyright 2021 IOP Publishing. (l) Stability test for the photothermal conversion performance of MXenes.…”

“…(l) Stability test for the photothermal conversion performance of MXenes. [114] Reproduced with permission from ref. [114] Copyright 2021 IOP Publishing.…”

“…In most studies, the photothermal conversion performance of MXenes therefore is evaluated by the temperature change which is related to the quantity of active ingredients (e.g., the material concentration in a solution) and the intensity of the incident light, as shown in Figure 9(j) and (k). [114] For the purpose of practical application, the photothermal stability is normally assessed by monitoring the temperature change during the cycling test (Figure 9(l)). [114] The photothermal conversion ability of a particular MXene species with a unique structure (including quantum dots, nanosheets and nanospheres) is usually estimated by the light absorption ability and photothermal conversion efficiency, as shown in Table 8.…”

Fabrication of novel PNIPAM@GO microspheres loaded with dual drugs featuring on‐demand drug release capability

“…2 More attractively, it can effectively transform light to heat when triggered by NIR irradiation, 15 hence becoming an outstanding photosensitizer to treat cancer based on photothermal therapy (PTT), which has nowadays been recognized as an effective biomedical tool to combat cancers due to its remote controllability, easy applicability, and minimal toxicity. [16][17][18] And when PTT was used in combination with chemotherapy, it was found more efficient in tumor suppression compared with either treatment alone. 14 Stimuli-responsive PNIPAM hydrogels introduced into GO have been studied extensively, [19][20][21] but developing a new PNIPAM@GO core-shell microsphere combined chemotherapy and NIR triggered PTT is still a challenge.…”