3D electromagnetic behaviours and discharge characteristics of superconducting flywheel energy storage system with radial‐type high‐temperature bearing

Yu, Zhiqiang; Feng, Wenjie; Sun, Xiaoyun; Gu, Zhou; Cheng, Wu

doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2019.0572

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Studies have investigated a unified 5-DOF AMB for a shaftless, hub-less, high-strength steel FESS. They have also explored control techniques for flywheel systems utilizing AMB with various combinations of variable weighting as well as three-dimensional dynamic electromagnetic dynamics using the h-method [83,84].…”

Section: Power Electronic Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Xu,

Guo,

Lei

et al. 2023

Energies

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The operation of the electricity network has grown more complex due to the increased adoption of renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Using energy storage technology can improve the stability and quality of the power grid. One such technology is flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs). Compared with other energy storage systems, FESSs offer numerous advantages, including a long lifespan, exceptional efficiency, high power density, and minimal environmental impact. This article comprehensively reviews the key components of FESSs, including flywheel rotors, motor types, bearing support technologies, and power electronic converter technologies. It also presents the diverse applications of FESSs in different scenarios. The progress of state-of-the-art research is discussed, emphasizing the use of artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning, digital twins, and data-driven techniques for system simulation, fault prediction, and life-assessment research. The article also addresses the challenges related to current research and the application of FESSs. It concludes by summarizing future directions and trends in FESS research, offering valuable information for further advancement and improvement in this field.

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Section: Power Electronic Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Xu,

Guo,

Lei

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…More details of the SMB have been described in [15]. Yu et al [16] also shows a radial type superconducting bearing with the same structure. (b) Motor part: The HTS AC homopolar motor uses HTS wire to form the field coil.…”

Section: Configuration Of Sfessmentioning

confidence: 96%

Performance evaluation of a superconducting flywheel energy storage system incorporating an AC homopolar motor layout

Bao¹,

Jing²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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In this paper, a novel high-temperature superconducting flywheel energy storage system (SFESS) is proposed. The SFESS adopts both a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) and a superconducting alternating current (AC) homopolar motor. The superconducting AC homopolar motor has structural advantages in high-speed operation, however performance of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) field coil is easily affected by the external magnetic field generated by armature windings in the process of flywheel charge and discharge, and should be paid attention. We established an electromagnetic-thermal co-calculation model of the HTS coil to analyze the coil characteristics in this application. Simulation results demonstrate that the magnetic flux density is small near the central region of the coil, and is the largest at the edges of the coil. The temperature rise caused by the change of magnetic field distribution reduces the critical current density of the tapes and increases AC loss. Furthermore, we studied the grid connection control strategy of the SFESS, which adopts double closed loop control and direct power control, and verified the feasibility of the control strategy by multi software real-time and dynamic co-simulation. Works in this paper give some guidance to further development of a 50 kW·h SFESS prototype. And all the configuration of the SFESS, the method of calculating AC loss of HTS field coil, and the control strategy of the SFESS system could be extended to large commercial units.

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“…With the advancement of high-temperature superconducting (hereafter referred to as superconducting) materials, bulk hightemperature superconductors (HTSs) are capable of trapping a large amount of magnetic flux to form high-field magnets with good electromagnetic properties. They have been applied to some important rotating machines, such as superconducting bearings [1,2], superconducting flywheel energy storage systems [3,4] and superconducting motors [5,6]. During the operation of these rotating devices, cracks or defects may appear on the surface or inside the HTS due to the brittle ceramic material itself and some external factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of interior angle and inclination angle of slot defect on electromagnetic-stress behaviours of superconducting swing system

Zhao

Feng

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Currently, copper-oxygen high-temperature superconducting materials have strongly anisotropic electromagnetic properties, which are difficult to describe in the equations. And in the rotating machine containing the permanent magnet (PM) rotor and bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) stator, when the HTSs have defects, their electromagnetic-stress behaviours may affect the mechanical stability of the equipment and even cause it to not work properly. In this paper, we proposed an anisotropic electromagnetic equation based on the H-formulation and established a three-dimensional coupled model with the magnetic, thermal and stress fields to study the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a HTS with a slot defect during the swing of a PM, discussing the effects of the interior angle and inclination angle of the defect on the behaviours. The results show that the interior and inclination angles of the defect have a large influence on the electromagnetic-stress behaviours. For the electromagnetic characteristics, the main influence is on the rotational losses. Especially the losses at an inclination angle of 60° are 16.5 times those without damage. This is related to the "thin wall" structure near the upper surface of the HTS. The stress concentration point appears on the defect boundary. The novelty of this paper is the proposal of the anisotropic electromagnetic equations based on the H-formulation and the study of the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a superconducting swing system containing a PM and HTS with a slot defect from a three-dimensional perspective. The research results of this paper can be the references for the design and structural protection of superconducting rotating machines.

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3D electromagnetic behaviours and discharge characteristics of superconducting flywheel energy storage system with radial‐type high‐temperature bearing

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Performance evaluation of a superconducting flywheel energy storage system incorporating an AC homopolar motor layout

Effects of interior angle and inclination angle of slot defect on electromagnetic-stress behaviours of superconducting swing system

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