3D Digitisation of Large-Scale Unstructured Great Wall Heritage Sites by a Small Unmanned Helicopter

Deng, Fucheng; Zhu, Xiaorui; Li, Xiaochun; Li, Meng

doi:10.3390/rs9050423

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it can also support ground means such as terrestrial LiDAR [330][331][332][333] and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)-based recording techniques [334,335]. UAS-born LiDAR is a 3D recording approach less explored for historical structures [336] than for landscape features induced by buried archaeological remains. Planning of the aerial surveys [258,337] is not the only important parameter for structural inspection, as the optimization of recorded large-volume data [338,339] can be considered equally essential.…”

Section: The Aerial Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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Built cultural heritage is under constant threat due to environmental pressures, anthropogenic damages, and interventions. Understanding the preservation state of monuments and historical structures, and the factors that alter their architectural and structural characteristics through time, is crucial for ensuring their protection. Therefore, inspection and monitoring techniques are essential for heritage preservation, as they enable knowledge about the altering factors that put built cultural heritage at risk, by recording their immediate effects on monuments and historic structures. Nondestructive evaluations with close-range sensing techniques play a crucial role in monitoring. However, data recorded by different sensors are frequently processed separately, which hinders integrated use, visualization, and interpretation. This article’s aim is twofold: i) to present an overview of close-range sensing techniques frequently applied to evaluate built heritage conditions, and ii) to review the progress made regarding the fusion of multi-sensor data recorded by them. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of data from metric surveying and from recording techniques that are traditionally non-metric. The article attempts to shed light on the problems of the individual and integrated use of image-based modeling, laser scanning, thermography, multispectral imaging, ground penetrating radar, and ultrasonic testing, giving heritage practitioners a point of reference for the successful implementation of multidisciplinary approaches for built cultural heritage scientific investigations.

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Section: The Aerial Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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“…This also enables the use of small‐form factor laser scanners (such as the Velodyne LiDAR Puck, https://velodynelidar.com/vlp-16.html) to acquire UAV‐based laser scanning (ULS). Originally, the majority of these systems relied on large UAVs (Deng, Zhu, Li, & Li, ; Gallay, Eck, Zgraggen, Kanuk, & Dvorny, ; Lin, Hyyppa, & Jaakkola, ; Nagai, Chen, Shibasaki, Kumagai, & Ahmed, ); however, lightweight systems have been developed, which can be mounted onto smaller platforms (Jaakkola et al, ; Mader, Blaskow, Westfeld, & Maas, ; Nakano, Suzuki, Omori, Hayakawa, & Kurodai, ; Roca, Martinez‐Sanchez, Laguela, & Arias, ; Tommaselli & Torres, ). Currently, the high‐accuracy GNSS and IMU systems required for ULS and direct georeferencing are expensive (upwards of £20K for ULS and ~£5K for direct georeferencing at the time of writing).…”

Section: The State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of river corridors: A review of current trends and future directions

Tomsett

Leyland

2019

River Research & Apps

103

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River corridors play a crucial environmental, economic, and societal role yet also represent one of the world's most dangerous natural hazards, making monitoring imperative to improve our understanding and to protect people. Remote sensing offers a rapidly growing suite of methods by which river corridor monitoring can be performed efficiently, at a range of scales and in difficult environmental conditions. This paper aims to evaluate the current state and assess the potential future of river corridor monitoring, whilst highlighting areas that require further investigation. We initially review established methods that are used to undertake river corridor monitoring, framed by the context and scales upon which they are applied. Subsequently, we review cutting edge technologies that are being developed and focussed around unmanned aerial vehicle and multisensor system advances. We also "horizon scan" for future methods that may become increasingly prominent in research and management, citing examples from within and outside of the fluvial domain. Through review of the literature, it has become apparent that the main gap in fluvial remote sensing lies in the trade-off between resolution and scales. However, prioritising process measurements and simultaneous multisensor data collection is likely to offer a bigger advance in understanding than purely from better surveying methods alone. Challenges regarding the legal deployment of more complex systems, as well as effectively disseminating data into the science community, are amongst those that we propose need addressing. However, the plethora of methods currently available means that researchers and monitoring agencies will be able to identify suitable techniques for their needs.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Since the launch of the project, great progress has been made in resource investigation, conservation and maintenance, fundamental management and legal system construction [ 16 , 17 ]. However, the Great Wall is currently not in very good condition and needs long-term protection measures [ 18 , 19 ]. It is always a great challenge to investigate the Great Wall heritage site since it covers huge areas [ 11 , 18 ], and sometimes data collection procedures might not be possible due to the lack of the appropriate equipment and tools [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment and Protection Zone Identification for Linear Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Ming Great Wall

Feng

2021

IJERPH

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Ecological risk assessment is an important part of the sustainable development of World Heritage. The Ming Great Wall Heritage (MGWH) plays an important role in World Heritage conservation as a representative of large linear heritage, yet its ecological risks have not received much attention. This study assessed the ecological risk of MGWH based on simultaneous consideration of spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation of geographic factors, and four protection zones were further identified from the perspective of preservation status and risk by using GeoDetector, principal component analysis and bivariate autocorrelation. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the preservation status of MGWH at different elevations. Based on this assessed ecological risk, it was found that 63.49% of MGWH grids were in the low to medium risk, while the highest risk areas (16.61%) were mainly concentrated in lower (200–500 m) and medium (500–1000 m) elevation. As elevation increased, the dominant factor of ecological risk shifted from human factors to natural factors and the main ecological risk showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing elevation. In addition, four types of risk protection zones (i.e., Protection—Restricted, Restoration—Moderate exploited, Restoration—Restricted and Protection—Moderate exploited) and policy suggestions were identified in this study from the perspectives of conservation, restoration and development, respectively. Future ecological protection of the MGWH should be based on the principle of “cultural heritage protection first”, with restricted development and use (e.g., tourism and education) and enhanced ecological restoration and environmental management of the surrounding area. This study provides references for the risk assessment of the cultural heritage at a large spatial scale, which is conducive to the maintenance and improvement of heritage value.

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3D Digitisation of Large-Scale Unstructured Great Wall Heritage Sites by a Small Unmanned Helicopter

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Remote sensing of river corridors: A review of current trends and future directions

Ecological Risk Assessment and Protection Zone Identification for Linear Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Ming Great Wall

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