3D dentofacial photogrammetry reference values: a novel approach to orthodontic diagnosis

Abstract

1. When using the proposed method for orthodontic diagnosis, male and female patients should be compared to their respective dentofacial standards. 2. Validation of the proposed method and standards on an orthodontic population is underway to determine the scope its use.

Accuracy and reliability of digital craniofacial measurements using a small‐format, handheld 3D camera

“…Craniofacial assessments and diagnoses involve various diagnostic tools such as clinical photographs and study models to assess the positions and relations of various landmarks of head, jaws and teeth . Multiple medical and dental specialties including orthodontics, plastic surgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery often depend on comprehensive facial evaluations by measuring facial structures relative to landmarks in the cranial base . 3D photogrammetry could be a potentially valuable tool in these specially, as it allows for analysis of frontal views, while it can be also rotated, translated and zoomed, providing realistic analyses as well as potential outcomes of the treatment.…”

The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements

“…Steps for registering the dental and facial images. From Masoud et al 28 values were adjusted to determine statistical significance. Since 14 outcomes were evaluated when comparing traditional cephalometric measurements to 3D photogrammetry measurements, a P value ,.004 was deemed to be statistically significant.…”

“…The maxillary teeth were registered to the smiling 3D facial image using at least 6 common landmarks, including the incisal and gingival embrasures. 28 The smiling and nonsmiling images were registered using the centers of the pupils, the endocanthal points, the highest points on the brow lines, and the mesial and lateral limits of the eyebrows as documented by Masoud et al 28 Figure 1 shows the registration process described previously. The 3D dental casts were digitized with landmarks described by Huanca Ghislanzoni et al 29 The facial landmarks were identified according to Plooij et al 22 and Farkas et al 30 After registration and digitization using a custom version of Facial Insight 3D (Motion View Software), measurements were generated using the eyes and the natural head position as references.…”

“…The 3D dental casts were digitized with landmarks described by Huanca Ghislanzoni et al 29 The facial landmarks were identified according to Plooij et al 22 and Farkas et al 30 After registration and digitization using a custom version of Facial Insight 3D (Motion View Software), measurements were generated using the eyes and the natural head position as references. Figure 2 shows the three reference planes based on the eyes and natural head position intersecting midway between the two pupils at M point as described by Masoud et al 28 Figure 3 displays the sagittal and vertical photogrammetry measurements used in the study. The long axes of the uppermost and lowermost labial incisors were determined by connecting a line from the midpoint of the incisal edges to a point midway between the labial and palatal/lingual height of contour of the gingival margin as described by Carlsson and Ronnerman.…”

Integration of digital maxillary dental casts with 3D facial images in orthodontic patients:

“…They found most diagnostic and treatment decisions reached fair agreement between the two records. Masoud et al 10 established male and female reference values of 3D dentofacial photogrammetry for orthodontic diagnosis. Castillo et al 11 investigated the correlation between nonradiographic 3D photogrammetry measurements and corresponding traditional cephalometric measurements, suggesting that 3D photography was a significant predictor of the cephalometric measurements.…”