3D DEM/CFD analysis of size-induced segregation during die filling

A GPU-based discrete element modeling code and its application in die filling

“…Wu et al have successfully used Trubal to simulate the die filling processes [9][10][11][12]. For a clearer comparison of acceleration, numerical samples of die filling processes are selected to compare the efficiencies of the three simulators.…”

“…Sheng et al [8] used Trubal to investigate the powder compaction processes where the link between particle interactions and mechanical properties of the compacts was identified. Wu et al [9][10][11][12] coupled Trubal with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver to simulate complex particle-fluid interaction problems. It should be stressed that the computational capability of DEM relies strongly on the numerical scheme as well as the hardware environment and thus a bottle neck may be reached when a large amount of particles are handled.…”

“…For a clearer comparison of the acceleration, numerical samples of die filling processes are selected from Wu et al [9][10][11][12] who have successfully used serial Trubal to simulate the die filling process. The numerical cases are assessed in two platforms (i) NVIDIA Tesla C2050 card together with Intel Core-Duo 2.93 GHz CPU and (ii) NVIDIA Tesla K40c card along with Intel Xeon 3.00 GHz CPU.…”

Modeling of Particulate Processes for the Continuous Manufacture of Solid-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

“…It was found that as material cohesion increases the time it takes to fill the die also increases, which is consistent with the experimental observation that the tablet weight variability decreases at lower tableting speeds for cohesive powders. Several authors have also coupled DEM with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate suction filling of dies and to evaluate the effect of air or lack thereof on segregation during die filling [97][98][99][100]. One significant challenge associated with the use of DEM to model compression processes is the issue of deformation at high relative densities.…”

“…Detailed models often rely on discrete or finite element methodology as discussed in section 3.1 [72,95,96,[98][99][100]. Semi-empirical models that describe the compaction behavior of granular materials by relating compaction pressure to relative density are also well established in the literature.…”