“…It has been applied in various engineering fields and many DEM applications exist. With respect to single flow such as granular flow, the DEM has been applied to solid mixing (Radeke et al, 2010;Chandratilleke et al, 2012;Halidan et al, 2014;Eitzlmayr et al, 2014;Huang and Kuo, 2014), die filling (Guo et al, 2009;Wu, 2008;Mateo-Ortiz et al, 2014;Yue et al, 2014), powder transportation (Tsuji et al, 1992;Mio et al, 2009;Kuang et al, 2013), and granulation (Washino et al, 2013), among others. Since the DEM-CFD method was developed, the DEM has been applied to new fields along with fluidized beds and cyclones.…”