3D Chemical Shift‐Encoded MRI for Volume and Composition Quantification of Abdominal Adipose Tissue During an Overfeeding Protocol in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

Background Overweight and obesity are major worldwide health concerns characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat in adipose tissue (AT) and liver. Purpose To evaluate the volume and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the fat content in the liver from 3D chemical‐shift‐encoded (CSE)‐MRI acquisition, before and after a 31‐day overfeeding protocol. Study Type Prospective and longitudinal study. Subjects Twenty‐one nonobese healthy male volunteers. Field Strength/Sequence A 3D spoiled‐gradient multiple echo sequence and STEAM sequence were performed at 3T. Assessment AT volume was automatically segmented on CSE‐MRI between L2 to L4 lumbar vertebrae and compared to the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurement. CSE‐MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) data were analyzed to assess the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in the liver and the FA composition in SAT and VAT. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses were performed on 13 SAT samples as a FA composition countermeasure. Statistical Tests Paired t‐test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare measurements. Results SAT and VAT volumes significantly increased (P < 0.001). CSE‐MRI and DEXA measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). PDFF significantly increased in the liver (+1.35, P = 0.002 for CSE‐MRI, + 1.74, P = 0.002 for MRS). FA composition of SAT and VAT appeared to be consistent between localized‐MRS and CSE‐MRI (on whole segmented volume) measurements. A significant difference between SAT and VAT FA composition was found (P < 0.001 for CSE‐MRI, P = 0.001 for MRS). MRS and CSE‐MRI measurements of the FA composition were correlated with the GC‐MS results (for ndb: rMRS/GC‐MS = 0.83 P < 0.001, rCSE‐MRI/GC‐MS = 0.84, P = 0.001; for nmidb: rMRS/GC‐MS = 0.74, P = 0.006, rCSE‐MRI/GC‐MS = 0.66, P = 0.020) Data Conclusion The follow‐up of liver PDFF, volume, and FA composition of AT during an overfeeding diet was demonstrated through different methods. The CSE‐MRI sequence associated with a dedicated postprocessing was found reliable for such quantification. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1587–1599.

3T chemical shift‐encoded MRI: Detection of altered proximal femur marrow adipose tissue composition in glucocorticoid users and validation with magnetic resonance spectroscopy

“…[33][34][35] MRS in Ward's triangle and femoral neck showed similar results to CSE-MRI, with good measurement agreement according to the Bland-Altman method. This result is similar to previous studies, which validated CSE-MRI with: 1) MRS to assess fat quantity and composition in the liver, spine, and bone marrow, 17,18,[20][21][22]36 and 2) more recently, gas chromatography of subcutaneous adipose tissue. 22 Spectral quality was assessed by measurement of the quality factor, methyl protons, and water peak lineshape (reflecting static field homogeneity in the selected voxel).…”

“…This result is similar to previous studies, which validated CSE-MRI with: 1) MRS to assess fat quantity and composition in the liver, spine, and bone marrow, 17,18,[20][21][22]36 and 2) more recently, gas chromatography of subcutaneous adipose tissue. 22 Spectral quality was assessed by measurement of the quality factor, methyl protons, and water peak lineshape (reflecting static field homogeneity in the selected voxel). In our study we used the STEAM sequence, which compared with PRESS has the advantage of being less sensitive to homonuclear scalar coupling and short T 2 relaxation times, as explained in Hamilton et al 37 Quantification was processed by the AMARES method and calculated Cramer-Rao lower bounds showed very low values, which indicate very low variances in the case of unbiased estimators.…”

“…Recent advances in water‐fat imaging methods allows discrimination between different types of fat in terms of their amount of saturation (saturated fat fraction, SFA), poly‐unsaturation (poly‐unsaturated fat fraction, PUFA) and mono‐unsaturation (mono‐unsaturated fat fraction, MUFA). This approach has been validated using MRS in liver, adipose tissue, muscle, bone marrow, and more recently in abdominal adipose tissue using gas chromatography …”

“…This approach has been validated using MRS in liver, adipose tissue, muscle, bone marrow, 13,[16][17][18]20,21 and more recently in abdominal adipose tissue using gas chromatography. 22 The purposes of our study were: 1) to use CSE-MRI to assess differences in the quantity and composition of bMAT in the proximal femur of OP compared with GIO patients, and 2) to assess the relationship between CSE-MRI and MRS for fat quantification in bone marrow studies.…”

Gestasyonel diabeti olan ve olmayan gebe kadınlarda serum leptin konsantrasyonlarıyla vücut yağ oranı değerlerinin kıyaslanması ve insülin direnci ile insülin duyarlılığı ile ilişkisi

“…İnsülin duyarlılığı ise kantitatif olarak QUICKI-IS (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) indeksine göre hesaplanmıştır. 18 25 Bu önemlidir çünkü intraabdominal yağ maternal metabolizmayı en çok etkileyen aktif adipoz doku kısmıdır. 26 Bu yöntemler adipoz doku ile insülin rezistansı arasındaki ilişkiyi daha iyi gösterse de çalışmamızda gebelerde uygulanabilirliği , pratik oluşu, maliyet ve sonuçlarının yorumlanmasındaki tahmini güçlüklerden dolayı antropometrik subkutan yağ doku ölçümü kullanılmıştır.…”