3D Carbon Nanotube Network Bridged Hetero‐Structured Ni‐Fe‐S Nanocubes toward High‐Performance Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Storage

Abstract

Lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and potassium‐ion batteries have captured tremendous attention in power supplies for various electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. However, their practical applications are severely limited by factors such as poor rate capability, fast capacity decay, sluggish charge storage dynamics, and low reversibility. Herein, hetero‐structured bimetallic sulfide (NiS/FeS) encapsulated in N‐doped porous carbon cubes interconnected with CNTs (Ni‐Fe‐S‐CNT) are prepared through a convenient co‐precipitation and post‐heat treatment sulfurization technique of the corresponding Prussian‐blue analogue nanocage precursor. This special 3D hierarchical structure can offer a stable interconnect and conductive network and shorten the diffusion path of ions, thereby greatly enhancing the mobility efficiency of alkali (Li, Na, K) ions in electrode materials. The Ni‐Fe‐S‐CNT nanocomposite maintains a charge capacity of 1535 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for lithium ion batteries, 431 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 for sodium ion batteries, and 181 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 for potassium‐ion batteries, respectively. The high performance is mainly attributed to the 3D hierarchically high‐conductivity network architecture, in which the hetero‐structured FeS/NiS nanocubes provide fast Li+/Na+/K+ insertion/extraction and reduced ion diffusion paths, and the distinctive 3D networks maintain the electrical contact and guarantee the structural integrity.

Designing Hierarchical Porous ZnO/ZnFe2O4 Hybrid Nanofibers with Robust Core/Shell Heterostructure as Competitive Anodes for Efficient Lithium Storage

“…Moreover, according to the resistance ( Z ′) versus frequency ( ω −1/2 ) plots (Figure S3a, Supporting Information), the Li + diffusion coefficient ( D Li + ) of anodes can be estimated by the following formula. [ 44,45 ] where R , T , A , n , F , and C are the gas constant, absolute temperature, contact area, number of electrons, Faraday constant, and concentration of lithium, respectively. After calculation, the D Li + in ZnO/ZFO‐10 delivers a value as high as ≈1.39 × 10 −16 cm 2 s −1 (Figure S3b, Supporting Information), mainly resulting from the unique crosslinked porosity located in the well‐defined core/shell NFs.…”

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

“…Incorporating CNTs to battery electrodes is a feasible strategy for alleviating the problem. Zhang et al 282 employed CNTs with heterostructure bimetallic sulfides to form a special three-dimensional hierarchical structure, which was used as anodes for LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs and PIBs. CNTs as conductive bridges interconnected the mixed Ni-Fe-S units and shortened the diffusion path of lithium/sodium/potassium ions, leading to an enhanced charge capacity of 1535 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g -1 for LIBs, 431 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 for SIBs, and 181 mAh g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 after 50 cycles for PIBs.…”

“…To interconnect the mixed Ni-Fe-S units and shortened the diffusion path of lithium/sodium/potassium ions, leading to an enhanced charge capacity 282 . Increases electronic conductivity and the contact among the particles.…”

A Partial Sulfuration Strategy Derived Multi‐Yolk–Shell Structure for Ultra‐Stable K/Na/Li‐ion Storage

“…The irreversible capacities in the initial cycle were mainly resulted from the irreversible formation of SEI film, which were commonly observed in the nanostructured anodes for PIBs. [ 54–56 ] The cycling performance of these anodes was evaluated at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 . As shown in Figure 3c, bare Fe 1− x S and Fe 1− x S@C‐0 anodes underwent electrochemical activation process with gradual capacity enhancement in the initial cycles.…”