3D cadastre in the Netherlands: Developments and international applicability

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the design and implementation of the cadastral system extension for registration of 3D rights and restrictions in the Netherlands fitting within the ISO 19152, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) final draft international standard. The implementation will be conducted in two phases. The first phase of the solution does not require a change of the legal and cadastral frameworks and will be used to gain experience in the challenging domain of 3D cadastre where technical and legal aspects interact. Typical 3D cadastral objects are analysed including their current registration. A procedure to improve the registration is developed that includes an extension of the cadastral system to accept 3D descriptions in 3D pdf format as part of the deed. One of the drawbacks of this solution is that it is not possible to validate the 3D cadastral representations (Are the volumes closed? Are the neighbours non-overlapping?) The second phase is research in progress and comprises the actual inclusion of the 3D data in the registration, enabling complete validation and even better 3D data management and dissemination. Based on experiences to be collected from the first phase and experiences from other countries, the solution for the second phase will be further refined and subsequently implemented in due time.

Registration of Multi-Level Property Rights in 3D in The Netherlands: Two Cases and Next Steps in Further Implementation

“…See, for example, EL-Mekawy [5] and Atazadeh et al [18]. Furthermore, Stoter et al [14] have demonstrated the possibility to extract legal volumes from a BIM.…”

“…Historical examples are cellars under the public street leading from canals to houses in the city of Utrecht. More recent examples are complex combinations of commercial areas, public transport hubs, and parking garages, or buildings over highways [14][15][16].…”

“…subdivided in order to ensure that only the land intersecting with the 3D objects is burdened with a limited right for the object. To address the issue of subdivision resulting in complex parcel patterns, The Netherlands Kadaster has started a study to improve the registration in such cases [14].…”

“…The Delft Railway Zone covers an area of 24 hectares in total and consists of: The 3D cadastre case covers only a small part of the total project: the combined new Railway Station and the new City Hall, together with the underground platforms and railway tunnel, several technical installations, and the large underground bicycle parking (see Figure 2). To address the issue of subdivision resulting in complex parcel patterns, The Netherlands Kadaster has started a study to improve the registration in such cases [14].…”

“…The stakeholders in this project agreed that they would register the involved 3D property rights via a 3D deed, based on the model for 3D registration that was developed in Stoter et al [14]. However, because the 3D registration was the first one to ever be accomplished, the stakeholders did not want to run a risk of any delay due to the new mode of registration.…”