3D–2D–0D Interface Profiling for Record Efficiency All‐Inorganic CsPbBrI<sub>2</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability

Zhang, Jingru; Bai, Dongliang; Jin, Zhiwen; Bian, Hui; Wang, Kang; Sun, Jie; Wang, Qian; Liu, Shengzhong

doi:10.1002/aenm.201703246

Cited by 316 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…[42,43] [42,44] and summarized in Table S3 in the Supporting Information. [42,43] [42,44] and summarized in Table S3 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

et al. 2019

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possess lower dark currents and higher detectivities. In spite of great progresses, it is complicated to fabricate composite electronic transport layers (ETLs) with matched crystal lattices and energy levels, otherwise the newly formed interface in the composite may bring about large amounts of defects which act as trap sites and recombination centers.Spatially graded composition (bandgap) is an effective route to continuously tune energy levels and bandgap in semiconductors, [20,21] in which the interfacial recombination is alleviated or removed and a graded built-in potential through the whole bulk is produced, enabling stronger separation capability of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This concept provides a new platform for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices. For example, Krol and co-workers fabricated the gradient W-doped BiVO 4 as a photoanode of photoelectrochemical cell. [22] Compared to the homogeneously doped BiVO 4 , the continuous built-in band bending induces the directional transfer of photogenerated holes from core to surface and thus increases the carrier separation efficiency to 60%. Tailoring the gradient bandgap from 0.35 to 1.42 eV, Pan and co-workers synthesized InAs x P 1-x nanosheets for band-selective infrared photodetectors. [23] We reported graded CdS x Se 1-x nanobelt solar cells by utilizing continuous stepped energy levels to drive electrons and holes toward opposite direction. [24] In p-i-n structured devices, [25][26][27][28] graded composition (bandgap) is basically used in the main photosensitive layer, for which the narrow bandgap region increases the absorption wavelength range, the large bandgap results in a high voltage output, and graded bandgap structure promotes the carriers transport. Inspired by previous results, with the introduction of gradient built-in band bending at the charge extraction layer/perovskite interface, the energy band offset is expected to provide the driving force for enhanced carrier separation, suppressed electron reflux, and reduced recombination, boosting the performance of perovskite photodetectors.In this work, we present a high-performance self-powered photodetector by integrating perovskite with gradient O-doped CdS nanorod array. For the first time, the continuous builtin band bending is introduced at the charge extraction layer/ perovskite interface to manipulate the transfer behavior of carriers in perovskite photodetectors. The optoelectronic measurements reveal that both the responsivity and the response speed of devices strongly depend on the structure of energy band bending. The optimum gradient O-doped CdS/perovskite Self-powered photodetectors are highly desired to meet the great demand in applications of sensing, communication, and imaging. Manipulating the carrier separation and recombination is critical to achieve high performance. In this paper, a self-powered photodetector based on the integrated gradient O-doped CdS nanorod array and perovskite is presented. Through optimizing the degree of continuous built-in ba...

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“…[42,43] [42,44] and summarized in Table S3 in the Supporting Information. [42,43] [42,44] and summarized in Table S3 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the PCEs reported for Sn-based perovskite solar cells are usually less than 10%. [44][45][46][47][48] Recently, a stabilized PCE of 21.7% resulting from a 2D/3D bilayer PSC was reported. [41] High throughput calculations also demonstrate that these substitutions are likely to compromise the ideal optoelectronic properties of MAPbI 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Igbari

Wang

Liao

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Although impressive performance has been obtained, PSCs are still far from commercial or real-life availability due to serious issues such as toxicity [15,16] and poor stability to heat, [17] oxygen, [18] moisture, [19,20] electric field, [21] and light. [18,22] The toxic nature of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites has been traced to the presence of Pb in its chemical composition. [15,16,[23][24][25] Pb 2+ readily dissolves in water (e.g., rain water) to form a toxic solution capable of causing serious environmental pollution, harmful to human beings and the ecosystem. Besides their sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, light, electric field, or thermal stress, an existing self-degradation pathway [26,27] is also a big issue in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-halide and mixed-cation perovskites have been investigated to address these issues. [28][29][30][31][32] The group IV elements, tin (Sn) [23,[33][34][35] and germanium (Ge), [34,36] have been employed as the replacements for Pb. However, the device performance through this approach has fallen short of the Pb-based ones. For example, the PCEs reported for Sn-based perovskite solar cells are usually less than 10%. [23,[33][34][35][37][38][39][40] In addition, the easy oxidation of Sn and Ge from the +2 state to the +4 state due to their high energy 5s and 4s orbitals makes them less promising for application in stable and long-term PSCs. [41] High throughput calculations also demonstrate that these substitutions are likely to compromise the ideal optoelectronic properties of MAPbI 3 . [42,43] Furthermore, low dimensional (e.g., 2D, 1D, and 0D) perovskites have also been used to address the stability issues in PSCs. [44][45][46][47][48] Recently, a stabilized PCE of 21.7% resulting from a 2D/3D bilayer PSC was reported. [49] However, the highest certified PCE in a 2D-only planar PSC is 15.3%, [50] which is far below that of their 3D perovskite-based counterparts. It thus stimulates the interest to develop new classes of materials which can solve the issues of toxicity and stability while still maintaining the fascinating properties of lead-based perovskite materials.Recent theoretical calculations demonstrate that a halide double perovskite structure, A 2 B′B″X 6 , which could be formed through a replacement of two toxic Pb 2+ in the crystal lattice with a pair of nontoxic heterovalent (i.e., monovalent and trivalent) metal cations, is a promising alternative to realize high-performance, lead-free, and stable PSCs. [51,52] Although, spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) calculations revealed an efficiency limit less than 8% for the most prominent member www.advancedsciencenews.com double perovskites with a vacancy ordered structure. [88] In particular, the unit cell axis of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 is given to be ≈11.25 Å, [25] which is two times larger than that of MAPbBr 3 (≈5.92 Å). [89] Both Ag + and Bi 3+ occupy the B-site of the crystal lattice with slightly varied metal-halide bond lengths. The dissimilar bond lengths st...

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“…[17] Meanwhile, the past decade has witnessed unprecedented success of organicinorganic hybrid perovskites in PV applications, with the reported PCE of perovskite solar cells exceeding 23%. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Among these all-inorganic perovskite materials, α-CsPbI 3 exhibits an ideal optical bandgap (E g ) of 1.73 eV for PV applications. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Among these all-inorganic perovskite materials, α-CsPbI 3 exhibits an ideal optical bandgap (E g ) of 1.73 eV for PV applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

14.1% CsPbI₃ Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Cesium Cation Passivation

Ling

Zhou

Yuan

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

269

282

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During the past decade, inorganic CQDs, namely the lead chalcogenides (e.g., PbS), have attracted tremendous attention in solution-processed solar cells. Due to the great efforts on CQDs synthesis modification, [7][8][9] surface passivation, [10][11][12] and device fabrication optimization, [13][14][15][16] PbS QD solar cells continue to progress at an extraordinary rate, improving overall efficiencies by ≈1% per year and currently have a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 12%. [17] Meanwhile, the past decade has witnessed unprecedented success of organicinorganic hybrid perovskites in PV applications, with the reported PCE of perovskite solar cells exceeding 23%. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] However, the challenging stability issues of these hybrid perovskites further motivate the research of all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl − , Br − , I − or mixed halides) without any volatile organic components. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Among these all-inorganic perovskite materials, α-CsPbI 3 exhibits an ideal optical bandgap (E g ) of 1.73 eV for PV applications. However, the nonphotoactive orthorhombic phase (E g = 2.82 eV) is more thermodynamically preferred at low temperature. [29] Therefore, the perovskite phase of CsPbI 3 usually requires complex annealing processes at high temperature to achieve satisfactory film quality. As mentioned above, QD technology offers colloidal synthesis of conventional bulk materials, which Surface manipulation of quantum dots (QDs) has been extensively reported to be crucial to their performance when applied into optoelectronic devices, especially for photovoltaic devices. In this work, an efficient surface passivation method for emerging CsPbI 3 perovskite QDs using a variety of inorganic cesium salts (cesium acetate (CsAc), cesium idodide (CsI), cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ), and cesium nitrate (CsNO 3 )) is reported. The Cs-salts post-treatment can not only fill the vacancy at the CsPbI 3 perovskite surface but also improve electron coupling between CsPbI 3 QDs. As a result, the free carrier lifetime, diffusion length, and mobility of QD film are simultaneously improved, which are beneficial for fabricating high-quality conductive QD films for efficient solar cell devices. After optimizing the post-treatment process, the short-circuit current density and fill factor are significantly enhanced, delivering an impressive efficiency of 14.10% for CsPbI 3 QD solar cells. In addition, the Cs-salt-treated CsPbI 3 QD devices exhibit improved stability against moisture due to the improved surface environment of these QDs. These findings will provide insight into the design of high-performance and low-trap-states perovskite QD films with desirable optoelectronic properties. Perovskite Quantum DotsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising candidates for the next generation photovoltaics (PVs) due to the excellent tuna...

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3D–2D–0D Interface Profiling for Record Efficiency All‐Inorganic CsPbBrI₂ Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability

Cited by 316 publications

References 68 publications

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

14.1% CsPbI₃ Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Cesium Cation Passivation

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3D–2D–0D Interface Profiling for Record Efficiency All‐Inorganic CsPbBrI2 Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability

Cited by 316 publications

References 68 publications

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

Gradient Energy Band Driven High‐Performance Self‐Powered Perovskite/CdS Photodetector

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

14.1% CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Cesium Cation Passivation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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3D–2D–0D Interface Profiling for Record Efficiency All‐Inorganic CsPbBrI₂ Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability

14.1% CsPbI₃ Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Cesium Cation Passivation