“…In addition to the variation of the comonomers used, the properties of copolymers depend on their microstructural sequence (e.g., random, alternating, block, and graft). Random copolymers containing thiophene have been prepared which incorporate a variety of other arenes (e.g., pyrrole, fluorene, , quinoxaline, thiazole) to provide materials with tunable electronic properties. Extensive studies have also led to the preparation of copolymers of 3-alkylthiophenes and other 3-substituted thiophenes such as those with alkyl, alkoxyl, oligo(ethylene glycol), and ionic substituents.…”