ChemCatChem 2011, 3, 458 -474 through water photolysis and those that produce methanol by CO 2 reduction with the aid of an artificial photosynthesis system. As hydrogen and methanol are low-carbon fuels (the emission of CO 2 from the combustion of these fuels is low), they are considered to be alternatives to fossil resources. In this review, solar fuel production systems consisting of an artificial photosynthesis system, a catalyst, and an enzyme are discussed. These systems are expected to help in reducing CO 2 and to promote the use of low-carbon fuels in the future. Scheme 1. Z Scheme of the natural photosynthesis of higher green plants and oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria.[a] Dr.Scheme 2. Solar hydrogen production or CO 2 photoreduction to low carbon fuels, such as formic acid and methanol by using PSI and PSII in the presence of suitable catalyst.Scheme 3. Artificial photosynthesis system for solar hydrogen production or CO 2 photoreduction to low carbon fuels, such as formic acid and methanol.Scheme 4. Artificial photosynthesis system with visible light irradiation consisting of an electron donor (ED), a photosensitizer (S1), and an electron relay (EC1). 460 www.chemcatchem.org