Solar Fuel Production Based on the Artificial Photosynthesis System

Abstract

ChemCatChem 2011, 3, 458 -474 through water photolysis and those that produce methanol by CO 2 reduction with the aid of an artificial photosynthesis system. As hydrogen and methanol are low-carbon fuels (the emission of CO 2 from the combustion of these fuels is low), they are considered to be alternatives to fossil resources. In this review, solar fuel production systems consisting of an artificial photosynthesis system, a catalyst, and an enzyme are discussed. These systems are expected to help in reducing CO 2 and to promote the use of low-carbon fuels in the future. Scheme 1. Z Scheme of the natural photosynthesis of higher green plants and oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria.[a] Dr.Scheme 2. Solar hydrogen production or CO 2 photoreduction to low carbon fuels, such as formic acid and methanol by using PSI and PSII in the presence of suitable catalyst.Scheme 3. Artificial photosynthesis system for solar hydrogen production or CO 2 photoreduction to low carbon fuels, such as formic acid and methanol.Scheme 4. Artificial photosynthesis system with visible light irradiation consisting of an electron donor (ED), a photosensitizer (S1), and an electron relay (EC1). 460 www.chemcatchem.org

Interactions between cationic surfactants and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin tetrasodium salt as seen by electric conductometry and spectroscopic techniques

“…meso-Substituted porphyrins are very good models to study these processes since they are structurally simpler than natural porphyrins, making easier the synthesis and the rationalization of the structure-function relationship. Additionally, water soluble porphyrins can self-assemble in supramolecular aggregates [3,4] allowing the fabrication of new materials, with several applications in light harvesting, electron and energy transport, namely, solar energy conversion [5,6], optoelectronic devices [7] and solar fuel production [8]. Since these molecules can generate reactive oxygen species [9][10][11], they have also been used in medical therapeutic purposes like photodynamic therapy [12] and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy [13].…”

Towards Artificial Leaves for Solar Hydrogen and Fuels from Carbon Dioxide

“…[1] However, energy is so pervasive and requires such large investments that all solutions, to be realistic, require finding effective ways to achieve i) a smooth transition from the actual energy infrastructure and ii) an effective integration with the current energy chain based on fossil fuels. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Conversely, these devices can be considered to be a step in the direction of developing true artificial leaves, and we have thus included these aspects in the discussion in this review, also because they represent the large majority of current studies. together with the temporal and geographical mismatch between production and demand determine the need to develop suitable technologies for an efficient conversion of renewable (solar) energy into chemical fuels, that is, develop artificial photosynthesis routes using solar energy to produce H 2 and fuels, in particular those based on the conversion of CO 2 to safe and easily storable liquid fuels.…”

Stable and Efficient Homogeneous Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Based on Water Soluble Pyrenetetrasulfonic Acid Functionalized Platinum Nanocomposites

“…[1] Since Fujishima and Honda [2] reported the first photocatalyst suitable for splitting water into H 2 and O 2 , numerous studies on developing novel photocatalysts to convert solar energy into H 2 fuel have been made and considerable progress has been achieved. [3][4][5] Both heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysts for light-driven hydrogen production have been extensively studied. [5][6][7] Among these photocatalysts, homogeneous photocatalysts, however, are very attractive in the sense that their chemical and photochemical properties can be understood and strategically tuned on the molecular level.…”