366 The Not So Insignificant Anti-A1 Antibody: Cause of Severe Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Shah, Kinjal; Delvadia, Bhavesh

doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqx131.365

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Once the recipient/patient is identified with A2 antigen and anti-A1 antibodies, he should be transfused with A2 or O whole blood or red cells. 22 Discordance between serology and genotyping of A2 Subgroups has been observed in our study. Non-A1 and non-A2 Groups found on genotyping require further studies to characterize the same subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Blood Group A2 in Pakistan

Habib¹,

Salamat²,

Din³

et al. 2023

PAFMJ

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Objective: To determine the frequency of Blood Group A2 genotype among Group A Pakistani whole blood donors. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: One thousand (1000) healthy and unrelated blood donors were selected. The blood samples were typed for ABO, and those of Blood Groups-A and AB were further subtyped with the help of anti-A1 lectin to categorize them as A1,non-A1, A1B and non-A1B Groups. Next, DNA of non-A1 samples was extracted, and a Polymerase Chain Reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for type A2 was performed, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Results: Among one thousand blood donors, 247(24.7%) were typed as Blood Group-A, 94(9.4%) as AB-Group, 339(33.9%) BGroup and 320(32%) O Group with variable strength of reaction with ABO antisera. A and AB Blood Groups were further subgrouped as A1 202(20.2%), A1B 77(7.7%), non-A1 45(4.5%) and non-A1B 17(1.7%). Anti-A1 antibodies were detected in 6(13.3%) of non-A1 samples. PCR of non-A1 samples showed 32(12.9%) to be genotypically A2, and the remaining 13(5.2%) were not A2 and were not further resolved. Conclusion: Blood Group A2 is not a rare Subgroup in our population. PCR-SSP is a more specific technique than anti-A1 lectin for establishing the Blood Group status of an individual.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Blood Group A2 in Pakistan

Habib¹,

Salamat²,

Din³

et al. 2023

PAFMJ

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“…17 Similarly, two other studies have shown hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A 1 . 18,19 Development of anti-A 1 antibodies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and organ transplantation has also been reported. 7,20 It has been reported that individuals with A 2 B phenotype are more prone to develop anti-A 1 as compared to A 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups and Anti-A1 Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Saboor¹,

Zehra²,

Hamali³

et al. 2020

IJGM

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Purpose: A 2 and A 2 B are rare phenotypes of the ABO blood group system. Some individuals with A 2 and A 2 B may have anti-A 1 antibodies that may be clinically significant or insignificant. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of A 2 , A 2 B phenotypes and anti-A 1 antibodies in blood donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This study also evaluated the reactivity potential of anti-A 1 antibodies. Materials and Methods: Blood samples collected from 446 blood donors were typed for ABO (cell and serum grouping) and Rh D. Individuals with blood group A and AB were further subtyped by testing with anti-A 1 lectin. In addition to the serum grouping using A 1 red cells, A 2 and A 2 B individuals were screened for the presence of anti-A 1 in their sera against A 1 red cells at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C to determine the thermal amplitude of the reacting anti-A 1 antibody (if present). Results: Among A and AB, A 1 was the commonest phenotype (20.2%, n=90 out of 446) while A 1 B was found to be 1.8% (n=8) among AB phenotype. A 2 and A 2 B were found to be 2.2% (n=10) and 0.9% (n=4), respectively. Only one individual with A 2 B blood type showed cold reactive anti-A 1 antibody, the strength of which was 32. Conclusion: A 2 and A 2 B were the rarest among ABO phenotypes in the studied population. Although rare, anti-A 1 antibody is not so uncommon. Care shall be taken during routine ABO grouping especially in cases of mix-field or weak positive reactions in A and AB phenotypes.

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“…Implementation of testing of A1 and A2 sub-groups in routine ABO typing is vital for limiting the preventable transfusion related adverse events ensuring recipients’ safety. 16 This is the first study done in Lahore describing frequencies of A subgroups including such number of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups among Blood Groups A and AB in healthy donors

Khanum,

Farhan,

Saqlain

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

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Objective: To determine the frequency of A2 and A2B subgroups among blood groups A and AB in healthy donors. Methods: It was a Cross-Sectional study, conducted at the Department of Hematology & Transfusion Medicine, UCHS, The Children’s Hospital Lahore and Sundas foundation Lahore from June 2022 to December 2022 including 13,120 healthy blood donors of both genders, after taking informed consent. Venous blood samples of donors were collected in EDTA vials (3ml) and serum gel vial for routine blood grouping which was done by standard tube method. Further testing of donors positive for an antigen (blood Group-A and AB) was performed using anti-A1 lectin by standard tube method as per manufacturer’s instruction. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among 13120 blood donors, 12857 (97.9%) were male and 263 (2.0%) were female with mean age of 36.7 years ± 15.04 years. Majority of them (91.7%) were of Punjabi ethnicity. Donors having blood group phenotype A and AB were 3890 (29.6%). Among blood Group-A donors, A1 was found in 97.8% and A2 in 2.2% donors. While among Blood Group-AB, 96.7% donors belonged to A1B blood group and 3.2% belonged to A2B blood group. Conclusions: Blood group A2 and A2B do exist in blood donors of Punjabi ethnicity. The knowledge of presence of these blood groups’ phenotypes in our population can provide a better base for transfusion staff to do troubleshooting in compatibility testing and to avoid any rare but hazardous transfusion outcome. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7916 How to cite this: Khanum A, Farhan S, Saqlain N, Arshad S. Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups among Blood Groups A and AB in healthy donors. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7916 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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366 The Not So Insignificant Anti-A1 Antibody: Cause of Severe Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Blood Group A2 in Pakistan

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Blood Group A2 in Pakistan

<p>Prevalence of A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>B Subgroups and Anti-A<sub>1</sub> Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia</p>

Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups among Blood Groups A and AB in healthy donors

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